Objective: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) suffer from a wide range of psychological difficulties such as sexual dysfunction (SD). In different countries, sexual dysfunction has been evaluated in women with PCO, but the results differ between studies. So, we designed this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of sexual dysfunction and to assess the odds of SD among women with PCO compared with controls.
Materials and methods: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar were systematically searched by two independent researchers on December 1^st, 2023. Data analysis was done using STATA.
Results: A literature search revealed 1636 records, 84 full-texts were evaluated, and finally, 37 studies remained for systematic review.  Most studies were published in 2023, followed by 2022.Most studies were from Iran, followed by Turkey. The prevalence of SD in women with PCO ranged between 4% and 99%, and the pooled prevalence was estimated as 73% (95%CI: 72%-74%, fixed-effect model) (I²=0). The odds of SD in women with PCO ranged between 0.42 and 7.29, and pooled OR was estimated as 2.45(95%CI: 1.55-3.86, random-effect model) (I²=79.9%, P<0.001). The SMD of total FSFI (case-control) ranged between -2.83, and 0.46, and the pooled SMD was estimated as -0.48(95% -0.72, -0.25) (I2=94.6%, P<0.001, random-effect model).
Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrates a significantly higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women with PCO, emphasizing the need for routine sexual health assessment and holistic management, including psychological support, hormonal regulation, and lifestyle interventions.

Objective: This study aims to test how fisetin and dapagliflozin—alone and combined—affect reproductive cycles, blood markers, hormones, oxidative stress, and tissue changes in DHEA-induced PCOS rats.
Materials and methods: This study used 30 female rats split into five groups of six animals each: normal controls, PCOS disease controls, fisetin treatment, dapagliflozin treatment, and combination treatment. PCOS was created by giving the rats DHEA injections under the skin for 21 days, followed by 28 days of treatment. The researchers measured body weight, reproductive cycles, organ weights, hormone levels (LH, FSH, testosterone, insulin), cholesterol profiles, oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD), inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-6), and examined tissue samples under a microscope.
Results: PCOS induction in rats caused estrous cycle disruption (shown through vaginal cytology), weight gain, elevated LH/testosterone/insulin levels, and compromised antioxidant status. Individual fisetin and dapagliflozin treatments significantly ameliorated these abnormalities, but their combination demonstrated the most comprehensive therapeutic benefits, effectively restoring reproductive cycles, hormonal balance, and metabolic parameters while reducing oxidative damage.
Conclusion: Fisetin and dapagliflozin, particularly when used together, helped reduce PCOS-related problems by fighting inflammation, protecting against cellular damage, and improving insulin function. This likely works by influencing the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway.

Objective: Investigating the genetic influence of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 22 (PTPN22) on key inflammatory biomarkers-Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and to evaluate their association with disease progression in endometriosis. Specifically, this study aims to (i) assess differential expression of PTPN22 in cases versus controls, (ii) examine correlations between PTPN22 expression and inflammatory markers, and (iii) determine the predictive value of these biomarkers using ROC curve analysis.
Materials and methods: This study involved 150 women with endometriosis and 150 matched controls. Blood samples were analyzed for inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, hsCRP) using ELISA and PTPN22 gene expression by real-time PCR. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 17.0, and ethical approval (01/2022/IECG) and informed consent was obtained.
Results: PTPN22 expression was higher in endometriosis cases (p = 0.0001), suggesting a role in disease pathophysiology. ROC analysis showed moderate predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.63). Among the inflammatory markers, hs-CRP was the most diagnostic, followed by IL-6 and IL-1β, with stronger positive correlations observed in the endometriosis group.
Conclusion: These findings highlight the translational relevance of PTPN22 and hsCRP as candidate biomarkers for early detection and risk stratification in endometriosis, underscoring the interplay between genetic susceptibility and inflammatory signaling in its pathogenesis.

Objective: To evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), and to identify clinical predictors of elevated DFI among men referred for infertility.
Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 783 men referred to a tertiary infertility clinic. Participants underwent semen analysis according to WHO criteria, measurement of serum 25(OH)D by standard immunoassay, and assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation using a validated laboratory method. Demographic and clinical variables (age, BMI, smoking, duration of infertility) were recorded. Associations between 25(OH)D and DFI were evaluated using correlation analysis and multivariable linear and logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Elevated DFI was predefined based on laboratory cutoffs.
Results: Among 783 men, vitamin D deficiency was common and a wide range of DFI values was observed. Serum 25(OH)D concentration showed no significant association with sperm DFI after adjustment for age and conventional semen parameters (adjusted effect estimates not significant). In multivariable analyses, older age, lower progressive motility, abnormal morphology and reduced sperm concentration were independently associated with higher DFI (all p < 0.05). These associations persisted when DFI was analyzed as a dichotomous outcome (elevated vs. normal).
Conclusion: In this large clinic-based sample, serum 25(OH)D was not independently associated with sperm DNA fragmentation. Conventional semen quality measures and age were stronger and consistent predictors of elevated DFI. These findings suggest that routine assessment of vitamin D status is unlikely to inform sperm DNA integrity beyond established semen parameters; prospective studies are needed to confirm causality.

Objective: Dissociative disorders are a range of conditions characterized by a sudden, temporary disruption in a person's consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dissociative disorders among women who had experienced physical domestic violence and were referred to the Department of Forensic Medicine.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Mashhad Department of Forensic Medicine in 2024. The primary objectives were to determine the prevalence of dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, dissociative identity disorder, and depersonalization /derealization disorder in this population. Data were collected using two instruments: the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Dissociative Disorders (SCID-D).
Results: Among the participants, 22.6% were diagnosed with a dissociative disorder. The prevalence rates for specific disorders were 21.7% for dissociative amnesia, 5.7% for dissociative fugue, 9.9% for dissociative identity disorder, and 12.7% for depersonalization/derealization disorder. A lower level of education (non-university) was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of overall dissociative experiences, dissociative amnesia, and depersonalization/derealization.
Conclusion: The findings indicate a relatively high frequency of dissociative disorders among women who experienced physical domestic violence and were referred to the Mashhad Department of Forensic Medicine in 2024.

Objective: Short-term liquid storage of human sperm is frequently required in assisted reproductive technologies, yet storage-related declines in sperm quality remain a challenge. Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been used to enhance sperm motility, but the optimal timing of PTX administration in relation to storage temperature is unclear.
Materials and methods: In this experimental laboratory study, semen samples from 30 normozoospermic men were divided into six paired aliquots and stored for 24 hours at room temperature or 4 °C. PTX (3 mmol/L) was administered either before storage, after storage, or not at all. Sperm motility, viability, and morphology were assessed using standard light microscopy.
Results: Significant differences were observed across groups for sperm motility parameters and abnormal morphology (p < 0.05), whereas sperm viability remained comparable. Delayed PTX administration after storage at room temperature was associated with the poorest motility and morphological outcomes. A composite rank-based analysis identified pre-PTX storage at room temperature as the most favorable overall strategy, with pre-PTX storage at 4 °C ranking second; however, direct comparison between these two approaches revealed no statistically significant differences.
Conclusion: Sperm quality during 24-hour liquid storage is influenced by both storage temperature and, more critically, the timing of PTX administration. Pre-storage PTX may serve as a protective adjunct in short-term sperm storage, while delayed administration confers limited benefit. Further studies are warranted to refine its clinical application.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) supplementation on motility, vitality, and DNA integrity in Moroccan fresh and cryopreserved sperm samples.
Materials and methods: A cohort of 60 male participants was divided into three groups, including normozoospermic, asthenozoospermic, and cryopreserved normozoospermic samples. Advanced microscopy and computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) were used to analyze the sperm parameters before and after HA supplementation. DNA fragmentation was analyzed using TUNEL assay, while chromatin condensation was evaluated by aniline blue staining. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Duncan's test.
Results: HA supplementation improved sperm motility and vitality (p < 0.05) in the normozoospermic group without altering DNA fragmentation or chromatin condensation. In the asthenozoospermic group, motility and vitality were significantly improved (p < 0.05). In the cryopreserved normozoospermic group, HA improved motility and vitality after thawing (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: HA is a promising adjuvant for enhancing the quality of both fresh and cryopreserved sperm for ART without compromising DNA integrity. Studies need to be extended for further exploration of the mechanism of action and optimization of clinical protocols toward its use in routine practice, particularly for diverse populations and in the more difficult cases of infertility.

Objective: The present study aimed to predict sleep disorders based on psychological distress and emotional dysregulation among adolescent girls.
Materials and methods: This research employed a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population included all adolescent girls studying in secondary high schools in Tehran during the first semester of the 2024–2025 academic years, totaling 87,222 students. A sample size of 300 participants was determined and selected using a multistage cluster random sampling method. Data were collected using the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire, the Psychological Distress Scale and the Emotional Dysregulation Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27.
Results: The results showed that 45.3% of the variance in sleep disorders was predicted by psychological distress and emotional dysregulation. There was a positive and significant relationship between psychological distress and sleep disorders (β = 0.645). Moreover, emotional dysregulation was positively and significantly related to sleep disorders (β = 0.576). Additionally, stress (β = 0.669), anxiety (β = 0.630), and depression (β = 0.450) showed positive and significant associations with sleep disorders.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, psychological distress and emotional dysregulation play significant roles in predicting sleep disorders and explain a considerable proportion of their variance. Therefore, interventions targeting these psychological variables may help improve sleep quality and enhance mental health among individuals.

Objective: Addiction recovery among women is often accompanied by challenges in social reintegration and a high risk of relapse. Addressing high-risk behaviors during rehabilitation plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable recovery and social acceptance. This study aims to present a social integration model focused on reducing high-risk behaviors among women recovering from addiction in Tehran.
Materials and methods: The research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in nature. The statistical population consisted of 12 treatment and rehabilitation centers and 22 harm reduction centers specializing in women’s addiction recovery in Tehran, totaling approximately 305 individuals. Using the Cochran formula, a sample of 170 participants was selected through one-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected with a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS and PLS software.
Results: Findings indicated that all path coefficients, except those from regular monitoring and follow-up to physical health support and social acceptance, and from life skills training to social acceptance, had
t-statistic values greater than 1.96 and were significant at the 95% confidence level.Therefore, most hypotheses were confirmed. The obtained GOF value of 0.622 demonstrates a strong overall fit of the proposed model.
Conclusion: The results confirm that the proposed social integration model effectively explains the reduction of high-risk behaviors among women recovering from addiction. This highlights the importance of social acceptance, family support, and economic empowerment in promoting sustainable rehabilitation outcomes.

Objective: There is evidence that multiple insults during 34 to 36 6/7 weeks’ gestation critical phase of neuronal and glial maturation in these infants cause white and gray matter injury. While all of this underscores the potential vulnerability of the late preterm infant (LPI) to neuronal brain injury and poor developmental and long-term outcome, detail is lacking on the precise domains that are affected. This study aimed to compare neurodevelopment and social-emotional development between late preterm infants and term-born control infants at age 18 months.
Materials and methods: We studied 122 infants at corrected age of 18 months using ASQ III in a historical cohort study including 68 late preterm infants in two groups of 34 intervened(infants with regular developmental visits and appropriate active rehabilitation and follow up)and not intervened infants(infants with just one visit at Growth and Development Clinic without any intervention and follow up by parents) who were born in Imam Khomeini Hospital complex, Medical University of Tehran, Iran during 2017-2018 and 54 full term infants as control group. Data from the first visit of the Growth and Development Clinic at birth were collected using a self-made validated questionnaire according to the Gesell development assessment tool in three fields, including gross motor, fine motor, and social domains.
Results: LPIs had poorer motor and social-emotional competence compared with controls at birth (P<0.001). They also performed more poorly than controls in the fine motor domain of development at 18 months (P=0.030).In comparison among the three groups, significant differences were observed in the gross motor (P = 0.005), fine motor (P = 0.030), and communication (P = 0.020) domains. After using logistic regression models, neurodevelopment in all domains at birth and 18 months of age was independent of late preterm birth but related to underlying morbidity and duration of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission.
Conclusion: Late preterm birth is not effective on neurodevelopment alone, but a history of co-morbidity or NICU admission at birth is an effective factor. Early diagnosis and intervention can improve the neurodevelopmental outcome of late preterm infants.