Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 19 4 2025 12 31 272 279 EN Parvathy Sreekumar Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Anitha Chandrahausan Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India Anthony Josephine Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Prabu Dhandapani Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Bobby Joseph Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Sheeja Mullukalayil Joseph Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Jiju Jayasree Sasidharan Nair Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India Dinesh Roy Divakaran Genetika, Centre for Advanced Genetic Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 2025 10 13 2025 12 30 Objective: Investigating the genetic influence of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 22 (PTPN22) on key inflammatory biomarkers-Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and to evaluate their association with disease progression in endometriosis. Specifically, this study aims to (i) assess differential expression of PTPN22 in cases versus controls, (ii) examine correlations between PTPN22 expression and inflammatory markers, and (iii) determine the predictive value of these biomarkers using ROC curve analysis. Materials and methods: This study involved 150 women with endometriosis and 150 matched controls. Blood samples were analyzed for inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, hsCRP) using ELISA and PTPN22 gene expression by real-time PCR. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 17.0, and ethical approval (01/2022/IECG) and informed consent was obtained. Results: PTPN22 expression was higher in endometriosis cases (p = 0.0001), suggesting a role in disease pathophysiology. ROC analysis showed moderate predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.63). Among the inflammatory markers, hs-CRP was the most diagnostic, followed by IL-6 and IL-1β, with stronger positive correlations observed in the endometriosis group. Conclusion: These findings highlight the translational relevance of PTPN22 and hsCRP as candidate biomarkers for early detection and risk stratification in endometriosis, underscoring the interplay between genetic susceptibility and inflammatory signaling in its pathogenesis.   https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/3525 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/3525/740