Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the symptoms associated with menopause among women referred to menopause clinic of Tehran Women General Hospital.
Materials and methods: In this cross sectional study which has been done between January 2011 and January 2012, in  menopause clinic of Tehran Women's General Hospital 134 women were studied. For each woman a questionnaire was completed. The data gained from each questionnaire were  analyzed using SPSS version 13.
Results: The mean age of natural menopause onset was 47.35 (SE=0.11) year. The symptoms associated with menopause were hot flushes (59.5%), mood swing (42.6%), vaginal dryness (41.1%) sleep problems (40.4%), night sweats (38.2%), memory loss (32.3%), urinary symptoms (18.3%), palpitation (6.6%), anxiety (5.8%), Joint and muscle pain (59.9%), depression (4.4%), Irritability (3.6%)..
Conclusion: This study showed that hot flushes, mood swing and vaginal dryness were the most common symptoms associated with menopause.

Objective: One of the most important characteristics of an effective employee performance is person's Sympathetic components of emotional intelligence that has been increasingly considered in an enterprise environment. In this article, we will survey this component in promoting citizenship behavior of physicians.
Materials and methods: In a descriptive, co relational and statistical community approach The outstanding performance of an organization using simple random sampling method, 212 cases were included as doctors having subspecialty of the infertility in the Islamic Republic of Iran. A questionnaire was used for data collection. After summarization, structural equation modeling techniques were used for analysis and interpretation of research data.
Results: The Sympathetic component has a significant positive impact on organizational citizenship behavior (T=2.90) and this factor with the effect of 0.46% has the impact on organizational citizenship behavior.
Conclusion: Considering the importance of sympathy aspect due to results of this research hospital managers are recommended to consider the importance of emotional intelligence in order to enhance the social capabilities of citizenship behaviors of physicians.

Objective: This study was conducted in order to assess the prevalence of different cervicovaginal infections during pregnancy.
Materials and methods: Totally 110 healthy pregnant women with complaints of vaginal symptoms in their third trimester of pregnancy were checked for vaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, vaginal trichomoniasis, streptococcus β hemoliticus, gonorrhea, syphilis, and infection by chlamydia trachomatis and HIV.
Results: Among 110 studied women and mostly nullipara, the mean age was 25.2 years. All of them had at least one symptom including discharge, itching or burning of vagina. Among them 39(35.5%) had vaginal and endocervical infection identified by laboratory tests including candidiasis 26.4%, bacterial vaginosis 8% and streptococcus β hemoliticus 5.3 %. Gonorrhea and trichomoniasis were not seen. Three of the patients had positive IgG antibody for chlamydia trachomatis. None of them had serological positive test for syphilis and HIV.
Conclusion: Symptomatic pregnant women need to be actively searched for infections. Besides speculum examination as an easy to carry out clinical test and if needed laboratory exams must be used to choose the best treatment. 

Objective: This prospective study examined the frequency of Post-Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) in 361 parturient women undergoing spinal anesthesia for cesarean section in a teaching hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and methods: Spinal anesthesia was performed using 25 gauge Quincke needles in all women. Patients were followed up to determine incidence of PDPH and then tried to compare those with or without PDPH using statistical methods to determine risk factors of PDPH.
Results: The overall incidence of PDPH was 10.8 percent in this study. In terms of probable risk factors which were compared between the two groups of patients, no statistically significant differences were found.
Conclusion: The incidence of PDPH in our study was higher than studies which used pencil - tipped needles and we determined that the occurrence of PDPH is not associated to some factors like the previous history of nonspecific headache, Body Mass Index, age, type of local anesthetic, previous history of PDPH, experience of operator, history of habitual tea and coffee drinking.

Objective: In this study continuation rate and reasons for discontinuation of Depot-medroxyprogestrone
acetate (DMPA)and Cyclofem have been compared.
Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 422 women (202 Cyclofemand 220 DMPA users)who had started using the methods 12-24 months before the study in East Azerbaijan health houses. Data were collected by reviewing the records and interview with the clients and analysed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox Regression.
Results: The 3, 6, 9, 12 months continuation rate were 56%, 37%, 30%, 27% respectively for Cyclofem versus 75%, 59.5%, 48%, 42.5% for DMPA. Menstrual changes were reported significantly more by the DMPA users than the Cyclofem users (85% vs. 73%, P=0.008) as the main reason for the discontinuation, the difference mainly reflected of amenorrhea (50% vs. 23%, P=0.003). None of DMPA users and 11% of Cyclofem users claimed frequency of visits and lack of method supplies as their main discontinuation reason.
Conclusion: Discontinuation rate was high for the both methods but it was higher for Cyclofem.The common side effects mentioned as the main reasons for discontinuation of the both methods are not health threatening. Therefore, health care providers may help to improve their continuation rate by appropriate consultation.

Objective: To study maternal and neonatal outcomes, the nulliparous women submitted to a training program in third trimester.
Materials and methods: This randomized controlled trial was carried out on 64 nulliparous pregnant women divided into two groups according to their participation including; training group; n=34 or not; n=34. The program consisted of 8 meetings (between the 28 th and the 40 th gestational week) during which educational activities were developed. The control group received the standard care. Maternal and neonatal outcomes also were recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16, and P<0.05 wasconsidered significant.
Results: There was no significant difference in age and body mass index in both groups, but a significant difference was found in both the gestational age based on last menstrual period (LMP), and ultrasonography, as well as in the cervix dilatation at the time the women arrived for delivery in both groups (P<0.05).The difference was also significant in the reasons of admission in hospital (P=0.04), oxytocin induction (P=0.01), mode of delivery (P=0.01), and gestational age of infants based on physical examination in both groups. Birth outcomes were also similar in both groups and no adverse effects of the interaction were found.
Conclusion: Antenatal training program in nulliparous women was associated with arriving at maternity ward in active labor, decreasing oxytocin induction, and cesarean section and increasing the gestational age of infants based on physical examination, Training program offered to pregnant women by midwives, is an important low-technology health promotion tool, and may be performed at low cost in most settings . Whether these results also apply to multiparous women or not, requires additional studies.

Objective: Jaundice with indirect hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common neonatal problems that occur in 60% of term and 80% of preterm neonates but the causes are mostly unknown. It is suggested that race plays an important role in the prevalence of hyperbilirubinemia. It is a common problem in Iran that worries both parents and pediatricians. It has been found that a mutation in the UGT1A1 gene is responsible for structural changes in an encoded enzyme which reduces the function of the enzyme.
Materials and methods: This is a case-control study carried out in Ghaem Educational Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences from December 2007 for the period of one year. 26 healthy neonates tested for indirect hyperbilirubinemia within first week after full-term delivery and 53 healthy neonates without hyperbilirubinemia as a control group were included. Genomic DNA extracted using 2 cc blood sample followed by RFLP-PCR for detection of G71R mutation of UGT1A1 gene have been performed. SPSS software (version 16), t- test and chi square analysis have been used for statistical analysis of obtained data.
Results: 4.3% of the hyperbilirubinemic group was homozygotes for mutation in UGT1A1 and 26.1% were heterozygotes while 69.6% had no mutation. 21.3% of the control group had the mutation with 4.3% being homozygote and 17% being heterozygote.
Conclusion: Frequency of G71R mutation in the hyperbilirubinemia group was not significantly more than that in the control group among Iranian newborns. This finding suggests that G71R mutation may not contribute to the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Iranian newborns. It is recommended to establish further studies using well-designed inclusion criteria and more specialized mutation analysis techniques which cover all types of probable mutations in G71R gene.

Abdominal compartment syndrome is a dangerous clinical situation, usually following abdominal injuries &operations. It is seldom observed in patients with gynecologic and obstetric problems. Abdominal compartment syndrome may be consequence ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. A 28-year-old woman presented as a sever ovarian hyperstimulation.The increased IAP indicated that OHSS may be considered a compartment syndrome. Abdominal compartment syndrome needs laparotomy or paracentesis for reduction of pressure.