Inhibition and Activation Systems of Behavior and Suicide Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation
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Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to predict suicide attempts based on behavioral activation and inhibition systems (BAS/BIS) with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies among adolescents of Abyek City.
Materials and methods: The research methodology was descriptive-correlational. The cluster sampling method was used, and the resulting sample included 194 adolescents who responded to the BAS/BIS questionnaire (Carver & White, 1994), CER questionnaire, and Beck scale for suicide ideation. Path analysis was employed to evaluate the proposed model using AMOS 24.0 and SPSS 27 softwares.
Results: The findings indicate that the proposed model is fitted with the data well. The results of path analysis showed that the BAS/BIS systems explain 27% of the variance of maladaptive CER and 61% of the variance of adaptive CER. In addition, maladaptive CER, BAS, and BIS explain 65% of the variance of suicide attempts.
Conclusion: Low levels of BAS, high levels of BIS, and the use of maladaptive CER skills can be considered risk factors for suicide attempts in adolescents.
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8. Liu DY, Thompson RJ. Selection and implementation of emotion regulation strategies in major depressive disorder: An integrative review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017; 57:183-94.
9. O’Connor DB, Ferguson E, Green JA, O’Carroll RE, O’Connor RC. Cortisol levels and suicidal behavior: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016; 63:370-9.
10. Compas BE, Connor-Smith JK, Saltzman H, Thomsen AH, Wadsworth ME. Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychol Bull. 2001; 127(1):87.
11. Wong SL, Chung MC. Child abuse and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese university students: the role of emotion dysregulation and attachment style. Current Psychology. 2023; 42(6):4862-72.
12. Wu R, Huang J, Ying J, Gao Q, Guo J, You J. Behavioral inhibition/approach systems and adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: The chain mediating effects of difficulty in emotion regulation and depression. Personality and Individual Differences. 2021; 175:110718.
13. Gray JA. Neural systems, emotion, and personality. Neurobiology of learning, emotion, and affect. 1991:273-306.
14. Lear MK, Wilkowski BM, Pepper CM. A daily diary investigation of the defective self model among college students with recent self-injury. Behav Ther. 2019; 50(5):1002-12.
15. Bryan CJ, Kyron M, Page AC. BIS sensitivity, BAS sensitivity, and recent suicide attempts. Personality and Individual Differences. 2022; 191:111552.
16. Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling: Guilford publications; 2023.
17. Mohammadkhani S, Hasani J, Akbari M, Yazdan Panah N. Mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship of metacognitive beliefs and attachment styles with risky behaviors in children of Iran-Iraq war veterans with psychiatric disorders. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2020; 25(4):396-411.
18. Beck AT, Steer RA, Ranieri WF. Scale for suicide ideation: Psychometric properties of a self‐report version. J Clin Psychol. 1988; 44(4):499-505.
19. Ennis J, Fathi-Ashtiani A, Soltaninejad A, Amiri M. Prevalence of suicidal thoughts and associated factors among the soldiers. Mil Med J. 2006; 2:7-11.
20. Carver CS, White TL. Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: the BIS/BAS scales. Journal of personality and social psychology. 1994; 67(2):319.
21. Johnson JL, Kim LM, Giovannelli TS, Cagle T. Reinforcement sensitivity theory, vengeance, and forgiveness. Personality and Individual Differences. 2010; 48(5):612-6.
22. Anderson JC, Gerbing DW. Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychol Bull. 1988; 103(3):411.
23. Khosravani V, Baseri A, Kamali Z, Mohammadzadeh A, Amirinezhad A. Direct and indirect effects of behavioral inhibition/activation systems on depression and current suicidal ideation through rumination and self-reflection. Arch Suicide Res. 2020; 24(4):568-88.
24. McLafferty M, Bunting B, Armour C, Lapsley C, Ennis E, Murray E, et al. The mediating role of emotion regulation strategies on psychopathology and suicidal behaviour following negative childhood experiences. Children and Youth Services Review. 2020; 116:105212.
25. Soltan Mohammadlou S, Gharraee B, Fathali Lvasani F, Gohari R. The relationship of Behavioral Activation and Inhibition Systems (BAS/BIS), difficulty of emotional regulation, metacognition with worry. Research in cognitive and behavioral sciences. 2013; 3(2):85-100.
26. Rajappa K, Gallagher M, Miranda R. Emotion dysregulation and vulnerability to suicidal ideation and attempts. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2012; 36:833-9.
27. Garnefski N, Kraaij V. Specificity of relations between adolescents’ cognitive emotion regulation strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cogn Emot. 2018; 32(7):1401-8.
28. Gross JJ. Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological inquiry. 2015; 26(1):1-26.
29. Bagiyan Koulemarzi MJ. Structural Pattern of Psychological Hardiness, Religious Beliefs with Resilience to Suicide: the Mediating role of Positive Dimensions of Self-Compassion. Contemporary Psychology, Biannual Journal of the Iranian Psychological Association. 2020; 15(2):17-32.
2. Reger MA, Stanley IH, Joiner TE. Suicide mortality and coronavirus disease 2019-a perfect storm? JAMA Psychiatry. 2020; 77(11):1093-4.
3. Garnett MF, Curtin SC, Stone DM. Suicide mortality in the United States, 2000–2020. NCHS Data Brief. 2022; (433):1-8.
4. Barnhorst A, Gonzales H, Asif-Sattar R. Suicide prevention efforts in the United States and their effectiveness. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2021; 34(3):299.
5. Kulehmarzi MJB, Yaztappeh JS, Khanjani S, Abasi I, Rajabi M, Mojahed A. A Study of Early Life Experiences, Temperament, Character, and Psychological Pain in Suicide Attempters and Normal Individuals. Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies. 2023; 10(1).
6. Maadani T, Jafari H, Moosazadeh M, Sabzi Z, Aghaei N, Esmaeili R. Epidemiological Survey of Injuries due to Traffic Accidents in Emergency Department at Gorgan 5Azar Hospital. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2023; 33(221):95-104.
7. Rajabi M, Khanjani S, Mousavi Asl E, Nezafat Ferizi J, Bagian Kulehmarzi MJ. The Risk Factors of Suicidal Motivations during COVID-19 Pandemic: Confirmation of Psychological Pain Theory, Psychological Symptoms, and Early Life Experiences. Evidence Based Care. 2023; 13(3):59-69.
8. Liu DY, Thompson RJ. Selection and implementation of emotion regulation strategies in major depressive disorder: An integrative review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017; 57:183-94.
9. O’Connor DB, Ferguson E, Green JA, O’Carroll RE, O’Connor RC. Cortisol levels and suicidal behavior: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016; 63:370-9.
10. Compas BE, Connor-Smith JK, Saltzman H, Thomsen AH, Wadsworth ME. Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychol Bull. 2001; 127(1):87.
11. Wong SL, Chung MC. Child abuse and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese university students: the role of emotion dysregulation and attachment style. Current Psychology. 2023; 42(6):4862-72.
12. Wu R, Huang J, Ying J, Gao Q, Guo J, You J. Behavioral inhibition/approach systems and adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: The chain mediating effects of difficulty in emotion regulation and depression. Personality and Individual Differences. 2021; 175:110718.
13. Gray JA. Neural systems, emotion, and personality. Neurobiology of learning, emotion, and affect. 1991:273-306.
14. Lear MK, Wilkowski BM, Pepper CM. A daily diary investigation of the defective self model among college students with recent self-injury. Behav Ther. 2019; 50(5):1002-12.
15. Bryan CJ, Kyron M, Page AC. BIS sensitivity, BAS sensitivity, and recent suicide attempts. Personality and Individual Differences. 2022; 191:111552.
16. Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling: Guilford publications; 2023.
17. Mohammadkhani S, Hasani J, Akbari M, Yazdan Panah N. Mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship of metacognitive beliefs and attachment styles with risky behaviors in children of Iran-Iraq war veterans with psychiatric disorders. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2020; 25(4):396-411.
18. Beck AT, Steer RA, Ranieri WF. Scale for suicide ideation: Psychometric properties of a self‐report version. J Clin Psychol. 1988; 44(4):499-505.
19. Ennis J, Fathi-Ashtiani A, Soltaninejad A, Amiri M. Prevalence of suicidal thoughts and associated factors among the soldiers. Mil Med J. 2006; 2:7-11.
20. Carver CS, White TL. Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: the BIS/BAS scales. Journal of personality and social psychology. 1994; 67(2):319.
21. Johnson JL, Kim LM, Giovannelli TS, Cagle T. Reinforcement sensitivity theory, vengeance, and forgiveness. Personality and Individual Differences. 2010; 48(5):612-6.
22. Anderson JC, Gerbing DW. Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychol Bull. 1988; 103(3):411.
23. Khosravani V, Baseri A, Kamali Z, Mohammadzadeh A, Amirinezhad A. Direct and indirect effects of behavioral inhibition/activation systems on depression and current suicidal ideation through rumination and self-reflection. Arch Suicide Res. 2020; 24(4):568-88.
24. McLafferty M, Bunting B, Armour C, Lapsley C, Ennis E, Murray E, et al. The mediating role of emotion regulation strategies on psychopathology and suicidal behaviour following negative childhood experiences. Children and Youth Services Review. 2020; 116:105212.
25. Soltan Mohammadlou S, Gharraee B, Fathali Lvasani F, Gohari R. The relationship of Behavioral Activation and Inhibition Systems (BAS/BIS), difficulty of emotional regulation, metacognition with worry. Research in cognitive and behavioral sciences. 2013; 3(2):85-100.
26. Rajappa K, Gallagher M, Miranda R. Emotion dysregulation and vulnerability to suicidal ideation and attempts. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2012; 36:833-9.
27. Garnefski N, Kraaij V. Specificity of relations between adolescents’ cognitive emotion regulation strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cogn Emot. 2018; 32(7):1401-8.
28. Gross JJ. Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological inquiry. 2015; 26(1):1-26.
29. Bagiyan Koulemarzi MJ. Structural Pattern of Psychological Hardiness, Religious Beliefs with Resilience to Suicide: the Mediating role of Positive Dimensions of Self-Compassion. Contemporary Psychology, Biannual Journal of the Iranian Psychological Association. 2020; 15(2):17-32.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 18, No 1 (March 2024) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jfrh.v18i1.15437 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Inhibition Activation Emotional Regulations Suicide Adolescents | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Ershadi Manesh S, Bagian Kulemarzi MJ. Inhibition and Activation Systems of Behavior and Suicide Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation. J Family Reprod Health. 2024;18(1):36-43.
