The Role of Tumor Parenchymal and Stromal Ratios in Colorectal Cancer
-
Nauryzbay Imanbayev
,
Yerbolat Iztleuov
,
Arip K. Koishybaev
,
Nurgul Kereyeva
,
Anar Tulyayeva
,
Dinara Zholmukhamedova
,
Azamat Zharylgapov
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the implications and significant role of parenchymal and stromal ratio in colorectal cancer (CRC).
Materials and methods: In our review, we involved English studies from common databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library using the following keywords “colorectal cancer”, “tumor stromal ratio”, “tumor parenchymal ratio”, and “prognostic marker” till December 2023.
Results: The majority of CRC patients are usually diagnosed at late stages, which may lead to missing out on the chance to get radical therapy. Patients with unfavorable prognosis have epithelial malignant tumors with a high amount of stroma, more than 50% stroma, while tumors with a low amount of stroma, less than 50%, and abundant carcinoma tissue have a better prognosis.
Conclusion: Tumor-stromal ratio is a valuable, cheap, and fast modality that provides valuable prognostic data of colorectal carcinoma and other cancers.
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11. Meirmanova A. Different treatment tactics of the pelvic organ prolapse according to the type and the degree of the prolapse: A narrative review. FM. 2022; 1(1):37-48.
12. Wang X. Epidemiological characteristics and prevention and control strategies of colorectal cancer in China and American. Chin J Color Dis. 2019; 8(01):1-5.
13. Uvaliуeva S. Risks of anaesthetic management during laparoscopic interventions on the abdominal aorta and its branches. Futurity Medicine.2022; 1(2):35-44.
14. Célind J, Ohlsson C, Bygdell M, Nethander M, Kindblom JM. Childhood Body Mass Index Is Associated with Risk of Adult Colon Cancer in Men: An Association Modulated by Pubertal Change in Body Mass Index. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019; 28(5):974–9.
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16. Jalilian H, Ziaei M, Weiderpass E, Rueegg CS, Khosravi Y, Kjaerheim K. Cancer incidence and mortality among firefighters. Int J Cancer. 2019; 145(10):2639-46.
17. Zheng RS, Sun KX, Zhang SW, Zeng HM, Zou XN, Chen R, et al. [Report of cancer epidemiology in China, 2015]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2019; 41(1):19-28.
18. Hussain N. The correlation between risk factors of COVID-19 and nervous system damage: Pakistan based Analysis. FM. 2022; 1(3):25-34.
19. Maida M, Macaluso FS, Ianiro G, Mangiola F, Sinagra E, Hold G, et al. Screening of colorectal cancer: present and future. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2017; 17(12):1131-46.
20. Murphy N, Moreno V, Hughes DJ, Vodicka L, Vodicka P, Aglago EK, et al. Lifestyle and dietary environmental factors in colorectal cancer susceptibility. Mol Aspects Med. 2019; 69:2-9.
21. Roncucci L, Mariani F. Prevention of colorectal cancer: How many tools do we have in our basket? Eur J Intern Med. 2015; 26(10):752–6.
22. Duan B, Zhao Y, Bai J, Wang J, Duan X, Luo X, et al. Colorectal Cancer: An Overview. Gastrointest Cancers. 2022; 1–12.
23. Ji M, Zhao X, Hu H, Jian F. Primary colorectal cancer in 1092 cases: A five-year retrospective analysis[J] Academic Journal of Guangzhou Medical University. 2017; 45(03):40–44.
24. Sun Y. Advanced course in clinical oncology.1. Beijing: People’s Military Medical Press; 2014. p. 889
25. Pretzsch E, Bösch F, Neumann J, Ganschow P, Bazhin A, Guba M, et al. Mechanisms of Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer and Metastatic Organotropism: Hematogenous versus Peritoneal Spread. J Oncol. 2019; 2019: 7407190.
26. Sandhu J, Lavingia V, Fakih M. Systemic treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer in the era of precision medicine. J Surg Oncol. 2019; 119(5):564–82.
27. Kuipers EJ, Grady WM, Lieberman D, Seufferlein T, Sung JJ, Boelens PG, et al. Colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2015; 1(1):15065.
28. Ribeiro Franco PI, Rodrigues AP, de Menezes LB, Pacheco Miguel M. Tumor microenvironment components: Allies of cancer progression. Pathol Res Pract. 2020; 216(1):152729.
29. Roeke T, Sobral-Leite M, Dekker TJA, Wesseling J, Smit VTHBM, Tollenaar RAEM, et al. The prognostic value of the tumour-stroma ratio in primary operable invasive cancer of the breast: a validation study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017; 166(2):435–45.
30. Souza da Silva RM, Queiroga EM, Paz AR, Neves FFP, Cunha KS, Dias EP. Standardized Assessment of the Tumor-Stroma Ratio in Colorectal Cancer: Interobserver Validation and Reproducibility of a Potential Prognostic Factor. Clin Pathol. 2021; 14:2632010X2198968.
31. Dawson H, Kirsch R, Messenger D, Driman D. A Review of Current Challenges in Colorectal Cancer Reporting. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2019; 143(7):869-82.
32. K N M, PC S, Prabhu G. Domain-Based Analysis of Colon Polyp in CT Colonography Using Image-Processing Techniques. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2019; 20(2):629–37.
33. Grimm IS, McGill SK. Look, but don’t touch: what not to do in managing large colorectal polyps. Gastrointest Endosc. 2019; 89(3):479–81.
34. Maltsev D. A comparative study of valaciclovir, valganciclovir, and artesunate efficacy in reactivated HHV‐6 and HHV‐7 infections associated with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. Microbiol Immunol. 2022; 66(4):193–9.
35. Knowlton CA, Mackay MK, Speer TW, Vera RB, Arthur DW, Wazer DE, et al. Colon Cancer. Encycl Radiat Oncol. 2023; 77–77.
36. Langko JM, Atmaja MHS, Wiratama PA, Ferristuti W. Compatibility of Local Staging (T) Colorectal Cancer in Multi-Slice Computed Tomography (MSCT) with Histopathology: a Retrospective Study. FM; 2(3):12-9.
37. Bénard F, Barkun AN, Martel M, Renteln D von. Systematic review of colorectal cancer screening guidelines for average-risk adults: Summarizing the current global recommendations. World J Gastroenterol. 2018; 24(1):124–38.
38. Zhang J, Raju GS, Chang DW, Lin S, Chen Z, Wu X. Global and targeted circulating microRNA profiling of colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer. Cancer. 2018; 124(4):785–96.
39. Damato A, Ghidini M, Dottorini L, Tomasello G, Iaculli A, Ghidini A, et al. Chemotherapy Duration for Various Indications in Colorectal Cancer: a Review. Curr Oncol Rep. 2023; 25(4):341–52.
40. Tam SY, Wu VWC. A Review on the Special Radiotherapy Techniques of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol. 2019; 9:208.
41. Sun X, Suo J, Yan J. Immunotherapy in human colorectal cancer: Challenges and prospective. World J Gastroenterol. 2016; 22(28):6362.
42. Zhylin M, Makarenko S, Kolohryvova N, Bursa A, Tsekhmister Y. Risk Factors for Depressive Disorders after Coming through COVID-19 and Emotional Intelligence of the Individual. Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment. 2022; 10(5):248-58.
43. Pyo JS, Kim NY, Min KW, Kang DW. Significance of Tumor–Stroma Ratio (TSR) in Predicting Outcomes of Malignant Tumors. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023; 59(7):1258.
2. Xiao J-b, Leng A-m, Zhang Y-q, Wen Z, He J, Ye G-n. CUEDC2: multifunctional roles in carcinogenesis. FBL. 2019;24(5):935-946.
3. Gajendran M, Loganathan P, Jimenez G, Catinella AP, Ng N, Umapathy C, et al. A comprehensive review and update on ulcerative colitis. Dis Mon. 2019; 65(12):100851.
4. Balchen V, Simon K. Colorectal cancer development and advances in screening. Clin Interv Aging. 2016; 11:967-76.
5. Holtedahl K, Borgquist L, Donker GA, Buntinx F, Weller D, Campbell C, et al. Symptoms and signs of colorectal cancer, with differences between proximal and distal colon cancer: a prospective cohort study of diagnostic accuracy in primary care. BMC Fam Pract. 2021; 22(1):148.
6. Florescu-Ţenea RM, Kamal AM, Mitruţ P, Mitruţ R, Ilie DS, Nicolaescu AC, et al. Colorectal Cancer: An Update on Treatment Options and Future Perspectives. Curr Health Sci J. 2019; 45(2):134–41.
7. Van Pelt GW, Kjær-Frifeldt S, van Krieken JHJM, Al Dieri R, Morreau H, Tollenaar RAEM, et al. Scoring the tumor-stroma ratio in colon cancer: procedure and recommendations. Virchows Arch. 2018; 473(4):405-12.
8. Yuryk O, Barabanchyk O, Malets M. Innovations in medicine: modern challenges, future definitions: A narrative review. FM. 2022; 1(2):26-34.
9. Kahai P, Mandiga P, Wehrle CJ, Lobo S. Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Large Intestine. StatPearls [Internet]. 2023; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470577/
10. Bruzzi M, M’harzi L, Poghosyan T, Ben Abdallah I, Papadimitriou A, Ragot E, et al. Arterial vascularization of the right colon with implications for surgery. Surg Radiol Anat. 2020; 42(4):429–435.
11. Meirmanova A. Different treatment tactics of the pelvic organ prolapse according to the type and the degree of the prolapse: A narrative review. FM. 2022; 1(1):37-48.
12. Wang X. Epidemiological characteristics and prevention and control strategies of colorectal cancer in China and American. Chin J Color Dis. 2019; 8(01):1-5.
13. Uvaliуeva S. Risks of anaesthetic management during laparoscopic interventions on the abdominal aorta and its branches. Futurity Medicine.2022; 1(2):35-44.
14. Célind J, Ohlsson C, Bygdell M, Nethander M, Kindblom JM. Childhood Body Mass Index Is Associated with Risk of Adult Colon Cancer in Men: An Association Modulated by Pubertal Change in Body Mass Index. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019; 28(5):974–9.
15. Pedersen JK, Rosholm JU, Ewertz M, Engholm G, Lindahl-Jacobsen R, Christensen K. Declining cancer incidence at the oldest ages: Hallmark of aging or lower diagnostic activity? J Geriatr Oncol. 2019; 10(5):792-8.
16. Jalilian H, Ziaei M, Weiderpass E, Rueegg CS, Khosravi Y, Kjaerheim K. Cancer incidence and mortality among firefighters. Int J Cancer. 2019; 145(10):2639-46.
17. Zheng RS, Sun KX, Zhang SW, Zeng HM, Zou XN, Chen R, et al. [Report of cancer epidemiology in China, 2015]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2019; 41(1):19-28.
18. Hussain N. The correlation between risk factors of COVID-19 and nervous system damage: Pakistan based Analysis. FM. 2022; 1(3):25-34.
19. Maida M, Macaluso FS, Ianiro G, Mangiola F, Sinagra E, Hold G, et al. Screening of colorectal cancer: present and future. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2017; 17(12):1131-46.
20. Murphy N, Moreno V, Hughes DJ, Vodicka L, Vodicka P, Aglago EK, et al. Lifestyle and dietary environmental factors in colorectal cancer susceptibility. Mol Aspects Med. 2019; 69:2-9.
21. Roncucci L, Mariani F. Prevention of colorectal cancer: How many tools do we have in our basket? Eur J Intern Med. 2015; 26(10):752–6.
22. Duan B, Zhao Y, Bai J, Wang J, Duan X, Luo X, et al. Colorectal Cancer: An Overview. Gastrointest Cancers. 2022; 1–12.
23. Ji M, Zhao X, Hu H, Jian F. Primary colorectal cancer in 1092 cases: A five-year retrospective analysis[J] Academic Journal of Guangzhou Medical University. 2017; 45(03):40–44.
24. Sun Y. Advanced course in clinical oncology.1. Beijing: People’s Military Medical Press; 2014. p. 889
25. Pretzsch E, Bösch F, Neumann J, Ganschow P, Bazhin A, Guba M, et al. Mechanisms of Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer and Metastatic Organotropism: Hematogenous versus Peritoneal Spread. J Oncol. 2019; 2019: 7407190.
26. Sandhu J, Lavingia V, Fakih M. Systemic treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer in the era of precision medicine. J Surg Oncol. 2019; 119(5):564–82.
27. Kuipers EJ, Grady WM, Lieberman D, Seufferlein T, Sung JJ, Boelens PG, et al. Colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2015; 1(1):15065.
28. Ribeiro Franco PI, Rodrigues AP, de Menezes LB, Pacheco Miguel M. Tumor microenvironment components: Allies of cancer progression. Pathol Res Pract. 2020; 216(1):152729.
29. Roeke T, Sobral-Leite M, Dekker TJA, Wesseling J, Smit VTHBM, Tollenaar RAEM, et al. The prognostic value of the tumour-stroma ratio in primary operable invasive cancer of the breast: a validation study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017; 166(2):435–45.
30. Souza da Silva RM, Queiroga EM, Paz AR, Neves FFP, Cunha KS, Dias EP. Standardized Assessment of the Tumor-Stroma Ratio in Colorectal Cancer: Interobserver Validation and Reproducibility of a Potential Prognostic Factor. Clin Pathol. 2021; 14:2632010X2198968.
31. Dawson H, Kirsch R, Messenger D, Driman D. A Review of Current Challenges in Colorectal Cancer Reporting. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2019; 143(7):869-82.
32. K N M, PC S, Prabhu G. Domain-Based Analysis of Colon Polyp in CT Colonography Using Image-Processing Techniques. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2019; 20(2):629–37.
33. Grimm IS, McGill SK. Look, but don’t touch: what not to do in managing large colorectal polyps. Gastrointest Endosc. 2019; 89(3):479–81.
34. Maltsev D. A comparative study of valaciclovir, valganciclovir, and artesunate efficacy in reactivated HHV‐6 and HHV‐7 infections associated with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. Microbiol Immunol. 2022; 66(4):193–9.
35. Knowlton CA, Mackay MK, Speer TW, Vera RB, Arthur DW, Wazer DE, et al. Colon Cancer. Encycl Radiat Oncol. 2023; 77–77.
36. Langko JM, Atmaja MHS, Wiratama PA, Ferristuti W. Compatibility of Local Staging (T) Colorectal Cancer in Multi-Slice Computed Tomography (MSCT) with Histopathology: a Retrospective Study. FM; 2(3):12-9.
37. Bénard F, Barkun AN, Martel M, Renteln D von. Systematic review of colorectal cancer screening guidelines for average-risk adults: Summarizing the current global recommendations. World J Gastroenterol. 2018; 24(1):124–38.
38. Zhang J, Raju GS, Chang DW, Lin S, Chen Z, Wu X. Global and targeted circulating microRNA profiling of colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer. Cancer. 2018; 124(4):785–96.
39. Damato A, Ghidini M, Dottorini L, Tomasello G, Iaculli A, Ghidini A, et al. Chemotherapy Duration for Various Indications in Colorectal Cancer: a Review. Curr Oncol Rep. 2023; 25(4):341–52.
40. Tam SY, Wu VWC. A Review on the Special Radiotherapy Techniques of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol. 2019; 9:208.
41. Sun X, Suo J, Yan J. Immunotherapy in human colorectal cancer: Challenges and prospective. World J Gastroenterol. 2016; 22(28):6362.
42. Zhylin M, Makarenko S, Kolohryvova N, Bursa A, Tsekhmister Y. Risk Factors for Depressive Disorders after Coming through COVID-19 and Emotional Intelligence of the Individual. Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment. 2022; 10(5):248-58.
43. Pyo JS, Kim NY, Min KW, Kang DW. Significance of Tumor–Stroma Ratio (TSR) in Predicting Outcomes of Malignant Tumors. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023; 59(7):1258.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 18, No 1 (March 2024) | |
| Section | Review Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jfrh.v18i1.15433 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Colorectal Cancer Tumor Stromal Ratio Tumor Parenchymal Ratio | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Imanbayev N, Iztleuov Y, Koishybaev AK, Kereyeva N, Tulyayeva A, Zholmukhamedova D, Zharylgapov A. The Role of Tumor Parenchymal and Stromal Ratios in Colorectal Cancer. J Family Reprod Health. 2024;18(1):1-8.
