Improvement of Lead Acetate-Induced Testicular Injury and Sperm Quality Deterioration by Solanum Anomalum Thonn. Ex. Schumach Fruit Extracts in Albino Rats
Abstract
Objective: This study has investigated the protective role of a natural alternative, Solanum anomalum fruit extract in lead induced testicular toxicity in male albino rats.
Materials and methods: Twenty-four mature male albino rats were used, divided into four groups of six rats per group. Group 1 (control rats) were given distilled water (10ml/kg), group 2 received lead acetate solution 60mg/kg, group 3 received lead acetate (60mg/kg) followed by Solanum anomalum (452mg/kg) and group 4 rats were given lead acetate (60mg/kg) followed by Solanum anomalum (678mg/kg) by oral gavage daily for 28 days.
Results: Lead treated group showed significant increase in Malondialdehyde MDA (1.58 ± 0.09 to
1.90 ± 0.17 µmol/L of plasma) and decreases in Superoxide dismutase SOD, glutathione peroxidase (482.85 ± 53.43 to 247.18 ± 70.40 U/L of blood), total glutathione (1.11 ± 0.03 to 0.56 ± 0.31 ng/µL) (144.80 ± 7.00 and 122.39 ± 4.63 U/ml of blood), epididymal sperm reserve, testicular sperm count, % sperm motility and % sperm viability.
Conclusion: Co-administration of Solanum anomalum significantly reversed the effect of lead with restoration of histoarchitecture of the testes. Solanum anomalum may be a protective modulator of lead -induced testicular injury.
1. Kalia K, Flora SJ. Strategies for safe and effective therapeutic measures for chronic arsenic and lead poisoning. J Occup Health2005; 47:1–21.
2. Flora G, Gupta D, Tiwari A. Toxicity of lead: A review with recent updates. Interdiscip Toxicol 2012; 5:47-58.
3. Goyer RA. Lead toxicity: current concerns. Environ Health Perspect 1993; 100:177–87.
4. Wu HM, Lin-Tan DT, Wang ML, Huang HY, Lee CL, Wang HS, et al. Lead level in seminal plasma may affect semen quality for men without occupational exposure to lead. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:91–95.
5. Carocci A, Catalano A, Lauria G, Sinicropi MS, Genchi G. Lead toxicity, antioxidant defense and environment. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; 238:45-67.
6. Jungwirth A, Giwercman A, Tournaye H, Diemer T, Kopa Z, Dohle G, et al. European Association of Urology guidelines on Male Infertility: the 2012 update. Eur Urol 2012; 62:324-32.
7. Rani DS, Vanniarajan A, Gupta NJ, Chakravarty B, Singh L, Thangaraj K. A novel missense mutation C11994T in the mitochondrial ND4 gene as a cause of low sperm motility in the Indian subcontinent. Fertil steril 2006; 86:1783-5.
8. Hassani HH, Mohamed WM, Hasan HR, Majeed BJ, Khalf ZS. Heavy Metal Pollution and Men Infertility in Al-Falluja City. Baghdad Sci J 2016; 13:819-28.
9. Mendiola J, Moreno JM, Roca M, Vergara-Juárez N, Martínez-García MJ, García-Sánchez A, et al. Relationships between heavy metal concentrations in three different body fluids and male reproductive parameters: a pilot study. Environ Health 2011; 10:6.
10. Corpas I, Castillo M, Marquina D, Benito MJ. Lead intoxication in gestational and lactation periods alters the development of male reproductive organs. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2002;53:259-66.
11. Fahim MA, Tariq S, Adeghate E. Vitamin E modifies the ultrastructure of testis and epididymis in mice exposed to lead intoxication. Ann Anat 2013; 195: 272-77.
12. Anjum MR, Madhu P, Reddy KP, Reddy PS. The protective effects of zinc in lead-induced testicular and epididymal toxicity in Wistar rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 33:265-76.
13. Cao Y, Skaug MA, Andersen O, Aaseth J. Chelation therapy in intoxications with mercury, lead and copper. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 31:188-92.
14. Thuppil V, Tannir S. Treating Lead Toxicity: Possibilities beyond synthetic chelation. Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University 2013; 89:67-74.
15. Chisolm JJ Jr. Evaluation of the potential role of Chelation therapy in treatment of low to moderate lead exposures. Environ Health Perspect 1990; 89:67-74.
16. Kessel I, O’Connor JT. Getting the lead out, the complete resource for preventing and coping with lead poisoning. Da Capo press; 2001.
17. Mann KV, Travers JD. Succimer, an oral lead chelator. Clin Pharm 1991; 10:914-22.
18. Anderson O, Aaseth J. Molecular mechanisms of in vivo metal chelation: implications for clinical treatment of metal intoxications. Environ Health Perspect 2002; 110:887-90.
19. Sears ME. Chelation: Harnessing and Enhancing Heavy Metal Detoxification-A Review. Scientific World Journal 2013; 2013:219840.
20. Irvine FRJ. Woody plants of Ghana, with special references to their uses. Oxford University Press, London, United Kingdom 1961; 868-69.
21. Offor S, Ubengama E. Phytochemical and Antidiabetic studies of ethanolic extracts and fractions of the fruits of Solanum anomalum. International Journal of Scientific Research and Education 2015; 3:4343-50.
22. Bukenya ZR, Hall JB. Solanum (Solanaceae) in Ghana. Bothalia 1988; 18:79-88.
23. Adeyemo-Salami OA, Makinde JM. Acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of them ethanol extract of the leaves of Paulliniapinnata (Linn.) in Wistar albino mice and rats. Afr J Med Med Sci 2013; 42:81-90.
24. Pryor WA, Houk KN, Foote CS, Fukuto JM, Ignarro LJ, Squadrito GL, et al. Free radical biology and medicine: it’s a gas, man! Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 291: R491-511.
25. Valko M, Izakovic M, Rhodes CJ, Telser J. Role of oxygen radicals in DNA damage and cancer incidence. Mol Cell Biochem 2004; 266: 37-56.
26. Rahim SM, Taha EM, Mubark ZM, Aziz SS, Simon KD, Mazlan AG. Protective effect of Cymbopogoncitratus on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in the reproductive system of male rats. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2013; 59:329-36.
27. Mohanty S, Sahu PK, Mandal MK, MohapatraPC, Panda A. Evaluation of oxidative stress in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Indian J Clin Biochem 2006; 21:101-5.
28. Krizanovic D, Susic V, Bozic P, Stokovic I, Kabalin AK. Changes of bovine blood lipid peroxides and some antioxidants in the course of growth. Veterinarski Arhiv 2008; 78:269-78.
29. Aitken RJ, Baker MA, De Iuliis GN, Nixon B. New insights into sperm physiology and pathology. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2010; (198):99-115.
30. Nriagu Jo: Environmental Health Concerns. Encyclopedia of Environmental Health 2011; 114-24.
31. Offor SJ, Mbagwu HO, Orisakwe OE. Lead-induced Hepato-renal Damage in Male Albino Rats and Effects of Activated Charcoal. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:107.
32. Cheong MJ, RohYB. The Protective Effects of Activated Charcoal on the acute damages of kidney of mouse by lead. Korean J Electron Microscopy 2006; 36:57-72.
33. Stone SH. Method for obtaining venous blood from the orbital sinus of a rat or mouse. Science 1954; 119: 100 –02.
34. Odo RI, Mbegbu EC, Nwosu KC, Aba PE, Aka LO, Obidike IR. Effect of cement dust on reproductive performance and some physiological parameters in albino rats. Comparative ClinicalPathology2015; 24:521-26.
35. Todorova I, Simeonova G, Kyuchukova D, Dinev D, Gadjeva V. Reference values of oxidative stress parameters (MDA, SOD, CAT) in dogs and cats. Comparative Clinical Pathology 2005; 13: 190 – 94.
36. Amann RP, Almquist JO. Reproductive capacity of dairy bulls. Technique for direct measurement of gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserves. J Dairy Sci 1961; 44: 1537 – 45.
37. Carrel D, Aston KI. Spermatogenesis: Methods and Protocols. Humana Press 2013; Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany.
38. Lasley JF, Easley GT, McKenzie FF. A staining method for differentiation of live and dead spermatozoa. Applicability for staining of ram spermatozoa. The Anatomical Record 1942; 82: 167 – 74.
39. 39.Okolo KO, Siminialayi IM, Orisakwe OE. Protective effectsof Pleurotus tuber-regium on Carbon-tetrachloride induced testicular injuryin Sprague Dawley Rats. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:480.
40. Nowacek JM.Fixation and tissue processing In: Kumar GL, Kierman JA (Eds.), Pathology Education Guide: Special Stains and H & E, 2nd ed. Dako North America, California 2010; 141– 52.
41. Neto FTL, Bach PV, Najari BB, Li PS, Goldstein M. Spermatogenesis in humans and its affecting factors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 59: 10-26.
42. Quintanilla-Vega B, Hoover DJ, Bal W, Silbergeld EK, Waalkes MP, Anderson LD. Lead interaction with human protamine (HP2) as a mechanism of male reproductive toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2000; 13:594-600.
43. La Maestra S, De Flora S, Micale RT. Effect of cigarette smoke on DNA damage, oxidative stress, and morphological alterations in mouse testis and spermatozoa. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health2015; 218:117–22.
44. Othman MS, Nada A, Zaki HS, Moneim AEA. Effect of Physalisperuviana L. on cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159: 278–87.
45. Apostoli P, Cornelis R, Duffus J,Hoet P, Lison D, Aitio A, et al. Elemental speciation in human health risk assessment. Environ Health Criteria 234, World Health Organization 2006.
46. Lorschieder FL, Vimy MJ, Summers AO. Mercury exposure from ‘‘silver’’ tooth filling: emerging evidence questions a traditional dental paradigm. FASEB J 1995; 9:504–08.
47. Diemer T, Allen JA, Hales KH, Hales DB. Reactive oxygen disrupts mitochondria in MA-10 tumor Leydig cells and inhibits steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and steroidogenesis. Endocrinology 2003;144: 2882–91.
48. Vachhrajani K, Makhija S, Chinoy N, Chowdhury A. Structural and functional alterations in testis of rats after mercuric chloride treatment. J Reprod Bio Compara Endocrinol 1988; 8:97–104.
49. Popescu HI. Poisoning with alkyl mercuric compounds. Br Med J 1978; 1:1347.
50. Keck C, Bergman M, Ernst E, Muller C, Kliensch S, Nieschlag E. Autometallographic detection of mercury in testicular tissue of infertile men exposed to mercury vapour. Reprod Toxicol 1993; 7: 469–75.
51. Marzook EA, Abd El Moneim AE, Elhadary AA. Protective role of Sesame oil against mobile base station-induced oxidative. J Rad Res ApplSci2014; 7:1-6.
52. AzabEA. Hepatoprotective Effect of Sesame oil against Lead Induced Liver Damage in Albino Mice: Histological and Biochemical studies. American Journal of Bio Science 2014; 2:1-11.
53. Mahdy TM, Giorgi T, AdewoleF, ErnestI, IdokoM, MateyN, et al. Effect of Moringaolifera, Activated carbon and Wood charcoal on biochemical and haematological parameters of Wistar rats exposed to lead acetate. Med Wet2012; 68:96-101-6.
54. Waggas AM. Grape seed extract (Vitisfinera) alleviate neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by lead acetate in male albino rats. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2012; 2:176-84.
55. Sharma V, Sharma A, Kansal L. The effect of oral administration of Allium sativum extracts on lead nitrate induced toxicity in male mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48: 928–36.
56. FalahMA. Protective effects of latex of Ficuscarica L. against lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences2012; 5:175-82.
57. Anuradha R, Krishnamoorthy P. Impact of Pogamiapinnata extract on lead acetate mediated toxicity in rat liver. Int J Pharm Tech 2012; 4:878-82.
58. Bas H,Kalender S. Antioxidant Status, Lipid Peroxidation and Testis-histoarchitecture induced by Lead Nitrate and Mercury Chloride in Male Rats. Braz Arch Biol Technol 2016; 59: e16160151.
59. Xia D, Yu X, Liao S, Shao Q, Mou H, Ma W. Protective effect of Smilax glabra extract against lead-induced oxidative stress in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 130: 414-20.
60. Sainath SB, Meena R, Supriya CH, Reddy KP, Reddy PS. Protective role of Centellaasiaticaon lead-induced oxidative stress and suppressed reproductive health in male rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 32:146-54.
61. Apaydın FG, Kalender S, Demir F, Bas H. Effects of sodium selenite supplementation on leadnitrate-induced oxidative stress in lung tissue of diabetic and non-diabetic rats. GU J Sci 2014; 27:847-53.
62. Shamsi MB, Venkatesh S, Kumar R, Gupta NP, Malhotra N, Singh N, et al. Antioxidant levels in blood and seminal plasma and their impact on sperm parameters in infertile men. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2010; 47:38-43.
63. Wang G, Fowler BA. Roles of biomarkers in evaluating interactions among mixtures of lead, cadmium and arsenic. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 233:92-9.
64. El-Desoky GE, Bashandy SA, Alhazza IM, Al-Othman ZA, Aboul-Soud MA, Yusuf K. Improvement of mercuric chloride-induced testis injuries and sperm quality deteriorations by Spirulina platensis in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8: e59177.
65. Hanan AA, Riham MR. Effect of Lead toxicity on cytogenisity, biochemical constituents and tissue residue with protective role of activated charcoal and casein in male rats. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 2012; 6:497-509.
66. Sujatha KT, Srilatha CH, Anjaneyulu Y, Amaravathi P. Lead acetate induced nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rats. A pathological immunohistochemical and ultrasructural studies. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 2011; 2:459-69.
67. Rao MV, Gangadharan B. Antioxidative potential of melatonin against mercury induced intoxication in spermatozoa in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22: 935– 42.
68. Martinez CS, Escobar AG, Torres JG, Brum DS, Santos FW, Alonso MJ, et al. Chronic exposure to low doses of mercury impairs sperm quality and induces oxidative stress in rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2014; 77(1- 3):143-54.
69. Flora SJ. Arsenic induced oxidative stress and its reversibility. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:257–81.
70. Flora G, Gupta D, Tiwari A. Toxicity of lead: A review with recent updates. Interdiscip Toxicol 2012; 5:47-58.
71. Flora SJS. Nutritional components modify metal absorption, toxic response and chelation therapy. J Nutri Environ Med 2002;12:53–67.
72. Flora SJ, Flora G, Saxena G,Mishra M. Arsenic and lead induced free radical generation and their reversibility following chelation. Cell Mol Biol 2007; 53:26–47.
73. Adedara IA, Awogbindin IO, Adesina AA, Oyebiyi OO, Lawal TA, Farombi EO. Municipal landfill leachate-induced testicular oxidative damage is associated with biometal accumulation and endocrine disruption in rats. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2015; 68:74-82.
74. Shan G, Tang T, Zhang X. The protective effect of ascorbic acid and thiamine supplementation against damage caused by lead in the testes of mice. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 2009; 29:68–72.
75. Falana BA, Oyeyipo IP. Selenium and zinc attenuated lead- induced reproductive toxicity in male Sprague -dawley rats. Res J Med Sci 2012; 6:66-70.
76. Wirth JJ, Mijal RS. Adverse effects of low level heavy metal exposure on male reproductive function. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2010; 56:147-67.
77. Queiroz EK, WaissmannW. Occupational exposure and effects on the male reproductive system. Cad Saude
Publica 2006; 22:485–93.
2. Flora G, Gupta D, Tiwari A. Toxicity of lead: A review with recent updates. Interdiscip Toxicol 2012; 5:47-58.
3. Goyer RA. Lead toxicity: current concerns. Environ Health Perspect 1993; 100:177–87.
4. Wu HM, Lin-Tan DT, Wang ML, Huang HY, Lee CL, Wang HS, et al. Lead level in seminal plasma may affect semen quality for men without occupational exposure to lead. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:91–95.
5. Carocci A, Catalano A, Lauria G, Sinicropi MS, Genchi G. Lead toxicity, antioxidant defense and environment. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; 238:45-67.
6. Jungwirth A, Giwercman A, Tournaye H, Diemer T, Kopa Z, Dohle G, et al. European Association of Urology guidelines on Male Infertility: the 2012 update. Eur Urol 2012; 62:324-32.
7. Rani DS, Vanniarajan A, Gupta NJ, Chakravarty B, Singh L, Thangaraj K. A novel missense mutation C11994T in the mitochondrial ND4 gene as a cause of low sperm motility in the Indian subcontinent. Fertil steril 2006; 86:1783-5.
8. Hassani HH, Mohamed WM, Hasan HR, Majeed BJ, Khalf ZS. Heavy Metal Pollution and Men Infertility in Al-Falluja City. Baghdad Sci J 2016; 13:819-28.
9. Mendiola J, Moreno JM, Roca M, Vergara-Juárez N, Martínez-García MJ, García-Sánchez A, et al. Relationships between heavy metal concentrations in three different body fluids and male reproductive parameters: a pilot study. Environ Health 2011; 10:6.
10. Corpas I, Castillo M, Marquina D, Benito MJ. Lead intoxication in gestational and lactation periods alters the development of male reproductive organs. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2002;53:259-66.
11. Fahim MA, Tariq S, Adeghate E. Vitamin E modifies the ultrastructure of testis and epididymis in mice exposed to lead intoxication. Ann Anat 2013; 195: 272-77.
12. Anjum MR, Madhu P, Reddy KP, Reddy PS. The protective effects of zinc in lead-induced testicular and epididymal toxicity in Wistar rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 33:265-76.
13. Cao Y, Skaug MA, Andersen O, Aaseth J. Chelation therapy in intoxications with mercury, lead and copper. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 31:188-92.
14. Thuppil V, Tannir S. Treating Lead Toxicity: Possibilities beyond synthetic chelation. Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University 2013; 89:67-74.
15. Chisolm JJ Jr. Evaluation of the potential role of Chelation therapy in treatment of low to moderate lead exposures. Environ Health Perspect 1990; 89:67-74.
16. Kessel I, O’Connor JT. Getting the lead out, the complete resource for preventing and coping with lead poisoning. Da Capo press; 2001.
17. Mann KV, Travers JD. Succimer, an oral lead chelator. Clin Pharm 1991; 10:914-22.
18. Anderson O, Aaseth J. Molecular mechanisms of in vivo metal chelation: implications for clinical treatment of metal intoxications. Environ Health Perspect 2002; 110:887-90.
19. Sears ME. Chelation: Harnessing and Enhancing Heavy Metal Detoxification-A Review. Scientific World Journal 2013; 2013:219840.
20. Irvine FRJ. Woody plants of Ghana, with special references to their uses. Oxford University Press, London, United Kingdom 1961; 868-69.
21. Offor S, Ubengama E. Phytochemical and Antidiabetic studies of ethanolic extracts and fractions of the fruits of Solanum anomalum. International Journal of Scientific Research and Education 2015; 3:4343-50.
22. Bukenya ZR, Hall JB. Solanum (Solanaceae) in Ghana. Bothalia 1988; 18:79-88.
23. Adeyemo-Salami OA, Makinde JM. Acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of them ethanol extract of the leaves of Paulliniapinnata (Linn.) in Wistar albino mice and rats. Afr J Med Med Sci 2013; 42:81-90.
24. Pryor WA, Houk KN, Foote CS, Fukuto JM, Ignarro LJ, Squadrito GL, et al. Free radical biology and medicine: it’s a gas, man! Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 291: R491-511.
25. Valko M, Izakovic M, Rhodes CJ, Telser J. Role of oxygen radicals in DNA damage and cancer incidence. Mol Cell Biochem 2004; 266: 37-56.
26. Rahim SM, Taha EM, Mubark ZM, Aziz SS, Simon KD, Mazlan AG. Protective effect of Cymbopogoncitratus on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in the reproductive system of male rats. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2013; 59:329-36.
27. Mohanty S, Sahu PK, Mandal MK, MohapatraPC, Panda A. Evaluation of oxidative stress in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Indian J Clin Biochem 2006; 21:101-5.
28. Krizanovic D, Susic V, Bozic P, Stokovic I, Kabalin AK. Changes of bovine blood lipid peroxides and some antioxidants in the course of growth. Veterinarski Arhiv 2008; 78:269-78.
29. Aitken RJ, Baker MA, De Iuliis GN, Nixon B. New insights into sperm physiology and pathology. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2010; (198):99-115.
30. Nriagu Jo: Environmental Health Concerns. Encyclopedia of Environmental Health 2011; 114-24.
31. Offor SJ, Mbagwu HO, Orisakwe OE. Lead-induced Hepato-renal Damage in Male Albino Rats and Effects of Activated Charcoal. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:107.
32. Cheong MJ, RohYB. The Protective Effects of Activated Charcoal on the acute damages of kidney of mouse by lead. Korean J Electron Microscopy 2006; 36:57-72.
33. Stone SH. Method for obtaining venous blood from the orbital sinus of a rat or mouse. Science 1954; 119: 100 –02.
34. Odo RI, Mbegbu EC, Nwosu KC, Aba PE, Aka LO, Obidike IR. Effect of cement dust on reproductive performance and some physiological parameters in albino rats. Comparative ClinicalPathology2015; 24:521-26.
35. Todorova I, Simeonova G, Kyuchukova D, Dinev D, Gadjeva V. Reference values of oxidative stress parameters (MDA, SOD, CAT) in dogs and cats. Comparative Clinical Pathology 2005; 13: 190 – 94.
36. Amann RP, Almquist JO. Reproductive capacity of dairy bulls. Technique for direct measurement of gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserves. J Dairy Sci 1961; 44: 1537 – 45.
37. Carrel D, Aston KI. Spermatogenesis: Methods and Protocols. Humana Press 2013; Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany.
38. Lasley JF, Easley GT, McKenzie FF. A staining method for differentiation of live and dead spermatozoa. Applicability for staining of ram spermatozoa. The Anatomical Record 1942; 82: 167 – 74.
39. 39.Okolo KO, Siminialayi IM, Orisakwe OE. Protective effectsof Pleurotus tuber-regium on Carbon-tetrachloride induced testicular injuryin Sprague Dawley Rats. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:480.
40. Nowacek JM.Fixation and tissue processing In: Kumar GL, Kierman JA (Eds.), Pathology Education Guide: Special Stains and H & E, 2nd ed. Dako North America, California 2010; 141– 52.
41. Neto FTL, Bach PV, Najari BB, Li PS, Goldstein M. Spermatogenesis in humans and its affecting factors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 59: 10-26.
42. Quintanilla-Vega B, Hoover DJ, Bal W, Silbergeld EK, Waalkes MP, Anderson LD. Lead interaction with human protamine (HP2) as a mechanism of male reproductive toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2000; 13:594-600.
43. La Maestra S, De Flora S, Micale RT. Effect of cigarette smoke on DNA damage, oxidative stress, and morphological alterations in mouse testis and spermatozoa. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health2015; 218:117–22.
44. Othman MS, Nada A, Zaki HS, Moneim AEA. Effect of Physalisperuviana L. on cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159: 278–87.
45. Apostoli P, Cornelis R, Duffus J,Hoet P, Lison D, Aitio A, et al. Elemental speciation in human health risk assessment. Environ Health Criteria 234, World Health Organization 2006.
46. Lorschieder FL, Vimy MJ, Summers AO. Mercury exposure from ‘‘silver’’ tooth filling: emerging evidence questions a traditional dental paradigm. FASEB J 1995; 9:504–08.
47. Diemer T, Allen JA, Hales KH, Hales DB. Reactive oxygen disrupts mitochondria in MA-10 tumor Leydig cells and inhibits steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and steroidogenesis. Endocrinology 2003;144: 2882–91.
48. Vachhrajani K, Makhija S, Chinoy N, Chowdhury A. Structural and functional alterations in testis of rats after mercuric chloride treatment. J Reprod Bio Compara Endocrinol 1988; 8:97–104.
49. Popescu HI. Poisoning with alkyl mercuric compounds. Br Med J 1978; 1:1347.
50. Keck C, Bergman M, Ernst E, Muller C, Kliensch S, Nieschlag E. Autometallographic detection of mercury in testicular tissue of infertile men exposed to mercury vapour. Reprod Toxicol 1993; 7: 469–75.
51. Marzook EA, Abd El Moneim AE, Elhadary AA. Protective role of Sesame oil against mobile base station-induced oxidative. J Rad Res ApplSci2014; 7:1-6.
52. AzabEA. Hepatoprotective Effect of Sesame oil against Lead Induced Liver Damage in Albino Mice: Histological and Biochemical studies. American Journal of Bio Science 2014; 2:1-11.
53. Mahdy TM, Giorgi T, AdewoleF, ErnestI, IdokoM, MateyN, et al. Effect of Moringaolifera, Activated carbon and Wood charcoal on biochemical and haematological parameters of Wistar rats exposed to lead acetate. Med Wet2012; 68:96-101-6.
54. Waggas AM. Grape seed extract (Vitisfinera) alleviate neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by lead acetate in male albino rats. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2012; 2:176-84.
55. Sharma V, Sharma A, Kansal L. The effect of oral administration of Allium sativum extracts on lead nitrate induced toxicity in male mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48: 928–36.
56. FalahMA. Protective effects of latex of Ficuscarica L. against lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences2012; 5:175-82.
57. Anuradha R, Krishnamoorthy P. Impact of Pogamiapinnata extract on lead acetate mediated toxicity in rat liver. Int J Pharm Tech 2012; 4:878-82.
58. Bas H,Kalender S. Antioxidant Status, Lipid Peroxidation and Testis-histoarchitecture induced by Lead Nitrate and Mercury Chloride in Male Rats. Braz Arch Biol Technol 2016; 59: e16160151.
59. Xia D, Yu X, Liao S, Shao Q, Mou H, Ma W. Protective effect of Smilax glabra extract against lead-induced oxidative stress in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 130: 414-20.
60. Sainath SB, Meena R, Supriya CH, Reddy KP, Reddy PS. Protective role of Centellaasiaticaon lead-induced oxidative stress and suppressed reproductive health in male rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 32:146-54.
61. Apaydın FG, Kalender S, Demir F, Bas H. Effects of sodium selenite supplementation on leadnitrate-induced oxidative stress in lung tissue of diabetic and non-diabetic rats. GU J Sci 2014; 27:847-53.
62. Shamsi MB, Venkatesh S, Kumar R, Gupta NP, Malhotra N, Singh N, et al. Antioxidant levels in blood and seminal plasma and their impact on sperm parameters in infertile men. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2010; 47:38-43.
63. Wang G, Fowler BA. Roles of biomarkers in evaluating interactions among mixtures of lead, cadmium and arsenic. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 233:92-9.
64. El-Desoky GE, Bashandy SA, Alhazza IM, Al-Othman ZA, Aboul-Soud MA, Yusuf K. Improvement of mercuric chloride-induced testis injuries and sperm quality deteriorations by Spirulina platensis in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8: e59177.
65. Hanan AA, Riham MR. Effect of Lead toxicity on cytogenisity, biochemical constituents and tissue residue with protective role of activated charcoal and casein in male rats. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 2012; 6:497-509.
66. Sujatha KT, Srilatha CH, Anjaneyulu Y, Amaravathi P. Lead acetate induced nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rats. A pathological immunohistochemical and ultrasructural studies. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 2011; 2:459-69.
67. Rao MV, Gangadharan B. Antioxidative potential of melatonin against mercury induced intoxication in spermatozoa in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22: 935– 42.
68. Martinez CS, Escobar AG, Torres JG, Brum DS, Santos FW, Alonso MJ, et al. Chronic exposure to low doses of mercury impairs sperm quality and induces oxidative stress in rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2014; 77(1- 3):143-54.
69. Flora SJ. Arsenic induced oxidative stress and its reversibility. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:257–81.
70. Flora G, Gupta D, Tiwari A. Toxicity of lead: A review with recent updates. Interdiscip Toxicol 2012; 5:47-58.
71. Flora SJS. Nutritional components modify metal absorption, toxic response and chelation therapy. J Nutri Environ Med 2002;12:53–67.
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73. Adedara IA, Awogbindin IO, Adesina AA, Oyebiyi OO, Lawal TA, Farombi EO. Municipal landfill leachate-induced testicular oxidative damage is associated with biometal accumulation and endocrine disruption in rats. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2015; 68:74-82.
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 13, No 2 (June 2019) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jfrh.v13i2.1916 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Testicular Toxicity Lead Acetate Solanum Anomalum Oxidative Stress Public Health | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Offor S, Mbagwu H, Orisakwe O. Improvement of Lead Acetate-Induced Testicular Injury and Sperm Quality Deterioration by Solanum Anomalum Thonn. Ex. Schumach Fruit Extracts in Albino Rats. J Family Reprod Health. 2019;13(2):98-108.
