Acute Cold / Restraint Stress in Castrated Rats
,
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to determine whether castration altered osmotically stimulated vasopressin (VP) release and urinary volume and what is the role of endocrine-stress axis in this process.
Materials and methods: Totally 108 mice were studied in two main groups of castrated (n=78) and control (n=30). Each group was extracted by acute cold stress (4◦C for 2h/day), restraint stress (by syringes 60cc 2h/day) and cold/restraint stress. The castrated group was treated in sub groups of testosterone, control (sesame oil as vehicle of testosterone). Propranolol as blocker of sympathetic nervous system was given to both groups of castrated mice and main control.
Results: Our results showed that, there is interactions between testosterone and sympathetic nervous system on vasopressin, because urine volume was decreased only in testoctomized mice with cold/restraint and cold stress (P<0.001); propranolol as the antagonist of sympathetic nervous system could block and increase urine volume in castrated mice. This increased volume of urine was due to acute cold stress, not restraint stress (p<0.001). The role of testosterone, noradrenalin (NA) and Vasopressin (VP) in the acute cold stress is confirmed, because testosterone could return the effect of decreased urine volume in control group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Considering the effect of cold/restraint stress on urinary volume in castrated mice shows that there is interaction between sex hormone (testosterone), vasopressin and adrenergic systems.
Sely H. The evolution of the stress concept. Am Sci 1973; 61: 692-9.
Robertson D, Johnson GA, Robertson RM. Comparative assessment of stimuli that release neuronal and adrenomedullary cathecolamines in man. Circulation 1979; 4: 637-43.
Von de Kar L.D, Blair M.L. Forebrain pathways mediating stress-induced hormone secretion. Front Neuroendocrinol 1999; 20: 1-48.
McEwen BS. Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: central role of the brain. Physiol Rev 2007; 87: 873-904.
Chrousos GP. Stressors, stress, and neuroendocrine integration of the adaptive response. The 1997 Hans Selye Memorial Lecture. Ann NY Acad Sc 1998; 851: 311-35.
Shibasaki T, Imaki T, Hotta M, Ling N, Demura H. Psychological stress increases arousal through brain corticotropin-releasing hormone without significant increase in adrenocorticotropin and catecholamine secretion. Brain Res 1993; 618: 71-5.
Cai WX, Yang DS. Stress and hippocampus. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2002; 18: 48 – 51 .
Kvetnansky R, Pacak K, Sabban EL, Kopin IJ, Goldstein DS. Stressors specificity of peripheral catecholaminergic activation. In Advances in Pharmacology 1998; 42: 556-60.
Sabban E.L, Kvetnansky R. Stress-triggered activation of gene expression in cathecolaminergic systems: dynamics of transcriptional events. Trends in Neurosciences 2001; 24: 91-98.
Pacák K, Palkovits M, Kvetnanský R, Fukuhara K, Armando I, Kopin IJ, Goldstein DS. Effects of single or repeated immobilization on release of norepinephrine and its metabolites in the central nucleus of the amygdala in conscious rats.Neuroendocrinology 1993; 57: 626-33.
Koshimizu T, Nasa Y, Tanoue A, Oikawa R, Kawahara Y, Kiyono Y, Adachi T, Tanaka T, Kuwaki T, Mori T, Takeo S, Okamura H, Tsujimoto G. V1a vasopressin receptors maintain normal blood pressure by regulating circulating blood volume and baroreflex sensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103: 7807-12.
Tanoue A, Ito S, Honda K, Oshikawa S, Kitagawa Y, Koshimizu TA, Mori T, et al. The vasopressin V1b receptor critically regulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity under both stress and resting conditions. J Clin Invest 2004; 113: 302–9.
Volpi S, Rabadan-Diehl C, Aguilera G. Vasopressinergic regulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and stress adaptation. Stress 2004; 7 : 75 – 83 .
Lolait SJ, O'Carroll A-M, Mahan LC, Felder CC, Button DC, Young WS III, et al. Extrapituitary expression of the rat V1b vasopressin receptor gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 6783–7.
Antoni F. Vasopressinergic control of pituitary adrenocorticotropin secretion comes of age. Front Neuroendocrinol 1993; 14 : 76 – 122 .
Cao L, Hudson CA, Lawrence DA. Acute cold/restraint stress inhibits host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes via beta1-adrenergic receptors. Brain Behav Immun 2003; 17: 121-33.
Kvetnansky R, Mikolaj L. Adrenal and urinary cathecolamines in rats during adaptation to repeated immobilization stress. Endocrinology 1970; 87: 738-43.
Fiedler J, Jara P, Luza S. Cold stress induces methabolic activation of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone-synthesising neurons the magnocellular division of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2006; 18 : 367-76.
Arancibia C, Tapia-Arancibia L, Assenmacher I,Astier H. Direct evidence of short term cold induced TRH release by the median eminence in unanesthetized rat. Neuroendocrinolgy 1983; 37: 225-228.
Aizawa T, Greer MA. Delineation of the hypothalamic area controlling thyrotropin secreation in the rat. Endocrinology1981; 109: 1731 - 7 .
Ishikawa K, Taniguchi Y, Kurosumi K, Suzuki M. Immunocytochemical delineation of thyrotropin- releasing hormone in the median eminence. Neuroendocrinology1988; 47: 348-84.
Swachencho PE, Swanson LW. Immunohistochemical identification of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus that project to the medulla or to the spinal cord in the rat. J Comp Neural 1982; 205: 260-72.
Tanaka M, Kohno Y, Nakagawa R, Ida Y, Takeda S, Nagasaki N. Time- related differences in noradrenaline turnover in rat brain regions by stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1982; 16 : 315-9.
Glavin GB , Tanaka M, Tsuda A, Kohno Y, Hoaki Y, Nagasaki N. Regional rat brain noradrenaline turnover in response to restraint stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1983; 19: 287-90.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 2, No 3 (September 2008) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Cold/restraint stress Castrated mice Urinary volume Testosterone Propranolol | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
