Influence of Bacteriospermia, Host and Lifestyle Factors on Sperm DNA Integrity: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on a Fertility Center of Nepal
,
Abstract
Objective: To determine the sperm DNA fragmentation in the semen of suspected sub-fertile men of Nepal and find its association with bacteriospermia demographic and lifestyle factors.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with the subjects, males among
sub-fertile couples visiting a fertility center in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal for consultation. Information on demography and exposure factors was obtained with a structured questionnaire, and bacteriospermia and sperm DNA fragmentation was determined from the semen samples collected from the study subjects. The data obtained were used to assess sperm DNA fragmentation and its association with various risk factors in sub-fertile men of Nepal.
Results: Out of 186 samples analyzed, 41.4% had low DNA fragmentation (<15%), 38.7% had
moderate DNA fragmentation (≥15% and <30%), and 19.9% had high DNA fragmentation (≥30%). Among the risk factors analyzed, sperm DNA fragmentation was found to be significantly associated with the age of the patients (p<0.05). Other factors analyzed body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and bacteriospermia were not found to be associated with sperm DNA fragmentation in our study.
Conclusion: Sperm DNA integrity may be distorted with the increasing age of men, leading to decreasing fertility potential.
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14. Tamrakar SR, Bastakoti R. Determinants of Infertility in Couples. J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2019;17(1):
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16. Li MW, Lloyd KCK. DNA fragmentation index (DFI) as a measure of sperm quality and fertility in mice. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1–11.
17. Szabó A, Váncsa S, Hegyi P, Váradi A, Forintos A, Filipov T, et al. Lifestyle-, environmental-, and additional health factors associated with an increased sperm DNA fragmentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2023;21(1):1–9.
18. Moubasher A, Sayed H, Mosaad E, Mahmoud A, Farag F, Taha EA. Impact of leukocytospermia on sperm dynamic motility parameters, DNA and chromosomal integrity. Cent Eur J Urol. 2018;71(4):470–5.
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21. Pino V, Sanz A, Valdés N, Crosby J, Mackenna A. The effects of aging on semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation. JBRA Assist Reprod. 2020;24(1):82-86.
22. Lahimer M, Montjean D, Cabry R, Capelle S, Lefranc E, Bach V, et al. Paternal Age Matters: Association with Sperm Criteria’s- Spermatozoa DNA Integrity and Methylation Profile. J Clin Med. 2023;12(15).
23. Vaughan DA, Tirado E, Garcia D, Datta V, Sakkas D. DNA fragmentation of sperm: a radical examination of the contribution of oxidative stress and age in 16 945 semen samples. Hum Reprod. 2020;35(10):2188–96.
24. Petersen CG, Mauri AL, Vagnini LD, Renzi A, Petersen B, Mattila M, et al. The effects of male age on sperm DNA damage: an evaluation of 2,178 semen samples. JBRA Assist Reprod. 2018;22(4):323-330.
25. Sepidarkish M, Maleki-Hajiagha A, Maroufizadeh S, Rezaeinejad M, Almasi-Hashiani A, Razavi M. The effect of body mass index on sperm DNA fragmentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes. 2020;44(3):549–58.
26. Mulya IC, Hasan MA, Iqhrammullah M. Impact of metabolic syndrome factors on sperm DNA fragmentation in males from infertile couples: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2024;53(8):102807.
27. Le MT, Nguyen DN, Le DD, Tran NQT. Impact of body mass index and metabolic syndrome on sperm DNA fragmentation in males from infertile couples:
A cross-sectional study from Vietnam. Metab Open. 2020;7:100054.
28. Zhu G, Zhang Y, Dong J, Liu Y, Zhao F, Li T, et al. Association Between Body Mass Index and Male Sperm Apoptosis and Apoptosis-Related Factors. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021;14:1043-1051.
29. Pooladi M, Sharifi M, Abbasi Y, Dashti G. Correlation of obesity and serum vitamin D levels with sperm DNA integrity, sperm quality, and sperm viability in normozoospermia men. Adv Biomed Res. 2022;11(1):80.
30. Pearce KL, Hill A, Tremellen KP. Obesity related metabolic endotoxemia is associated with oxidative stress and impaired sperm DNA integrity. Basic Clin Androl. 2019;29(1):1–9.
31. Shi X, Chan CPS, Waters T, Chi L, Chan DYL, Li TC. Lifestyle and demographic factors associated with human semen quality and sperm function. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2018;64(5):358–67.
32. Sepaniak S, Forges T, Gerard H, Foliguet B, Bene MC, Monnier-Barbarino P. The influence of cigarette smoking on human sperm quality and DNA
fragmentation. Toxicology. 2006;223(1–2):54–60.
33. Al Omrani B, Al Eisa N, Javed M, Al Ghedan M, Al Matrafi H, Al Sufyan H. Associations of sperm DNA fragmentation with lifestyle factors and semen parameters of Saudi men and its impact on ICSI outcome. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018;16(1):1–6.
34. Sciorio R, Tramontano L, Adel M, Fleming S. Decrease in Sperm Parameters in the 21st Century: Obesity, Lifestyle, or Environmental Factors? An Updated Narrative Review. J Pers Med. 2024;14(2).
35. Trautman A, Gurumoorthy A, Hansen KA. Effects of alcohol use on sperm chromatin structure, a retrospective analysis. Basic Clin Androl. 2023;33(1):1–15.
36. Amor H, Hammadeh ME, Mohd I, Jankowski PM. Impact of heavy alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking on sperm DNA integrity. Andrologia. 2022;54(7):1–11.
37. Wdowiak A, Wdowiak A, Bakalczuk S, Bakalczuk G. Relationship between alcohol consumption and sperm nuclear dna fragmentation and pregnancy. Adv Androl Online. 2016;3(1):14–21.
38. Valipour R, Narouie B, Jadidi S, Dadpour M, Darzi MM, Torabinavid P, et al. Evaluation of sperm DNA fragmentation index among infertile individuals: A comprehensive analysis of the associated factors—a cross-sectional study. African J Urol. 2024;30(1).
39. Talebi AR, Sarcheshmeh AA, Khalili MA, Tabibnejad N. Effects of ethanol consumption on chromatin condensation and DNA integrity of epididymal spermatozoa in rat. Alcohol. 2011;45(4):403–9.
40. Gill K, Jakubik J, Kups M, Rosiak-Gill A, Kurzawa R, Kurpisz M, et al. The impact of sedentary work on sperm nuclear DNA integrity. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2019;57(1):15–22.
41. Belladelli F, Basran S, Eisenberg ML. Male Fertility and Physical Exercise. World J Mens Health. 2023;41(3):482–8.
2. Panner Selvam MK, Ambar RF, Agarwal A, Henkel R. Etiologies of sperm DNA damage and its impact on male infertility. Andrologia. 2021;53(1):e13706.
3. Cho CL, Agarwal A. Role of sperm DNA fragmentation in male factor infertility: A systematic review. Arab J Urol. 2017;16(1):21-34.
4. Panner Selvam MK, Agarwal A. A systematic review on sperm DNA fragmentation in male factor infertility: Laboratory assessment. Arab J Urol. 2018;16(1):65-76.
5. Leisegang K, Dutta S. Do lifestyle practices impede male fertility? Andrologia. 2021;53(1):e13595.
6. WHO. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. Vol. 6nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021.
7. Evenson D, Wixon R. Meta-analysis of sperm DNA fragmentation using the sperm chromatin structure assay. Reprod Biomed Online. 2006;12(4):466-72.
8. Li F, Duan X, Li M, Ma X. Sperm DNA fragmentation index affect pregnancy outcomes and offspring safety in assisted reproductive technology. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):1–8.
9. Gautam D, Shrestha M, Shiva Raj KC. Pattern of seminal fluid analysis in a male partner of infertile couple presented in infertility clinic of Patan hospital.
J Pathol Nepal. 2021;11(2):1813–6.
10. Koju S, Tamrakar SR, Shankhadev R. Study of Semen Analysis Patterns in Male Partner of Infertile Couple Attending Tertiary Level Hospital of Nepal. Nepal
J Obstet Gynaecol. 2021;16(1):57–60.
11. Maskey S, Rijal H. Correlation of Body Mass Index on Semen Parameters. J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2022;19(4):838-843.
12. Pant PR. Abnormal Semen Parameters among Men in Infertile Couples. Nepal J Obstet Gynaecol. 2013;8(1):53–5.
13. Subedi S, Lamichhane S, Chhetry M. Study of Infertile Couples Attending a Teaching Hospital in Eastern Nepal. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2016;55(203):22-25.
14. Tamrakar SR, Bastakoti R. Determinants of Infertility in Couples. J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2019;17(1):
85-89.
15. WHO. Who Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Sperm-Cervical Mucus Interaction. 4nd ed. Cambridge University Press: 1996.
16. Li MW, Lloyd KCK. DNA fragmentation index (DFI) as a measure of sperm quality and fertility in mice. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1–11.
17. Szabó A, Váncsa S, Hegyi P, Váradi A, Forintos A, Filipov T, et al. Lifestyle-, environmental-, and additional health factors associated with an increased sperm DNA fragmentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2023;21(1):1–9.
18. Moubasher A, Sayed H, Mosaad E, Mahmoud A, Farag F, Taha EA. Impact of leukocytospermia on sperm dynamic motility parameters, DNA and chromosomal integrity. Cent Eur J Urol. 2018;71(4):470–5.
19. Garcia-segura S, Rey J, Closa L, Garcia-mart I, Hobeich C, Bel A, et al. Characterization of Seminal Microbiome of Infertile Idiopathic Patients Using Third-Generation Sequencing Platform. 2023;24(9):7867.
20. Deenadayal Mettler A, Govindarajan M, Srinivas S, Mithraprabhu S, Evenson D, Mahendran T. Male age is associated with sperm DNA/chromatin integrity. Aging Male. 2021;23(5):822–9.
21. Pino V, Sanz A, Valdés N, Crosby J, Mackenna A. The effects of aging on semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation. JBRA Assist Reprod. 2020;24(1):82-86.
22. Lahimer M, Montjean D, Cabry R, Capelle S, Lefranc E, Bach V, et al. Paternal Age Matters: Association with Sperm Criteria’s- Spermatozoa DNA Integrity and Methylation Profile. J Clin Med. 2023;12(15).
23. Vaughan DA, Tirado E, Garcia D, Datta V, Sakkas D. DNA fragmentation of sperm: a radical examination of the contribution of oxidative stress and age in 16 945 semen samples. Hum Reprod. 2020;35(10):2188–96.
24. Petersen CG, Mauri AL, Vagnini LD, Renzi A, Petersen B, Mattila M, et al. The effects of male age on sperm DNA damage: an evaluation of 2,178 semen samples. JBRA Assist Reprod. 2018;22(4):323-330.
25. Sepidarkish M, Maleki-Hajiagha A, Maroufizadeh S, Rezaeinejad M, Almasi-Hashiani A, Razavi M. The effect of body mass index on sperm DNA fragmentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes. 2020;44(3):549–58.
26. Mulya IC, Hasan MA, Iqhrammullah M. Impact of metabolic syndrome factors on sperm DNA fragmentation in males from infertile couples: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2024;53(8):102807.
27. Le MT, Nguyen DN, Le DD, Tran NQT. Impact of body mass index and metabolic syndrome on sperm DNA fragmentation in males from infertile couples:
A cross-sectional study from Vietnam. Metab Open. 2020;7:100054.
28. Zhu G, Zhang Y, Dong J, Liu Y, Zhao F, Li T, et al. Association Between Body Mass Index and Male Sperm Apoptosis and Apoptosis-Related Factors. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021;14:1043-1051.
29. Pooladi M, Sharifi M, Abbasi Y, Dashti G. Correlation of obesity and serum vitamin D levels with sperm DNA integrity, sperm quality, and sperm viability in normozoospermia men. Adv Biomed Res. 2022;11(1):80.
30. Pearce KL, Hill A, Tremellen KP. Obesity related metabolic endotoxemia is associated with oxidative stress and impaired sperm DNA integrity. Basic Clin Androl. 2019;29(1):1–9.
31. Shi X, Chan CPS, Waters T, Chi L, Chan DYL, Li TC. Lifestyle and demographic factors associated with human semen quality and sperm function. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2018;64(5):358–67.
32. Sepaniak S, Forges T, Gerard H, Foliguet B, Bene MC, Monnier-Barbarino P. The influence of cigarette smoking on human sperm quality and DNA
fragmentation. Toxicology. 2006;223(1–2):54–60.
33. Al Omrani B, Al Eisa N, Javed M, Al Ghedan M, Al Matrafi H, Al Sufyan H. Associations of sperm DNA fragmentation with lifestyle factors and semen parameters of Saudi men and its impact on ICSI outcome. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018;16(1):1–6.
34. Sciorio R, Tramontano L, Adel M, Fleming S. Decrease in Sperm Parameters in the 21st Century: Obesity, Lifestyle, or Environmental Factors? An Updated Narrative Review. J Pers Med. 2024;14(2).
35. Trautman A, Gurumoorthy A, Hansen KA. Effects of alcohol use on sperm chromatin structure, a retrospective analysis. Basic Clin Androl. 2023;33(1):1–15.
36. Amor H, Hammadeh ME, Mohd I, Jankowski PM. Impact of heavy alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking on sperm DNA integrity. Andrologia. 2022;54(7):1–11.
37. Wdowiak A, Wdowiak A, Bakalczuk S, Bakalczuk G. Relationship between alcohol consumption and sperm nuclear dna fragmentation and pregnancy. Adv Androl Online. 2016;3(1):14–21.
38. Valipour R, Narouie B, Jadidi S, Dadpour M, Darzi MM, Torabinavid P, et al. Evaluation of sperm DNA fragmentation index among infertile individuals: A comprehensive analysis of the associated factors—a cross-sectional study. African J Urol. 2024;30(1).
39. Talebi AR, Sarcheshmeh AA, Khalili MA, Tabibnejad N. Effects of ethanol consumption on chromatin condensation and DNA integrity of epididymal spermatozoa in rat. Alcohol. 2011;45(4):403–9.
40. Gill K, Jakubik J, Kups M, Rosiak-Gill A, Kurzawa R, Kurpisz M, et al. The impact of sedentary work on sperm nuclear DNA integrity. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2019;57(1):15–22.
41. Belladelli F, Basran S, Eisenberg ML. Male Fertility and Physical Exercise. World J Mens Health. 2023;41(3):482–8.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 19, No 1 (March 2025) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Age Bacteria Male Infertility Sperm DNA Fragmentation | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Shrestha A, Joshi D, Vaidya D, Shrestha S, Singh A. Influence of Bacteriospermia, Host and Lifestyle Factors on Sperm DNA Integrity: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on a Fertility Center of Nepal. J Family Reprod Health. 2025;19(1):37-43.
