Embracing Motherhood: Impact of Nurse Led Fear and Apprehension Related to Labour or Childbirth Improving Intervention (FALCI) in Reducing Childbirth Fear Among Pregnant Women
,
Abstract
Objective: Childbirth is a complex process with various dimensions including physical, psychological, emotional, social, and cultural aspects. The study intended to assess the effectiveness of Nurse led FALCI (Fear and Apprehension related to Labour or Childbirth Improving) Intervention in reducing childbirth fear among pregnant women.
Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 115 pregnant women (selected through purposive sampling) at antenatal OPD of tertiary care hospital of Bhopal. Data was collected using WIJMA Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire and self-structured questionnaire on socio-demographic and clinical variables. The intervention (FALCI) was carried out in two phases, each lasting for 30 minutes conducted at week 3-4 and week 5-6 and information booklet was provided for reinforcement. The data was analysed using two-way repeated measures mixed ANOVA (within group and between groups).
Results: Findings revealed that most of the pregnant women in both experimental (68.5%) and control (90.2%) group had high level of childbirth fear. Post-intervention data revealed mean of pretest, posttest
1 and posttest 2 were 73.85, 46.94 and 37.90 in experimental group and the mean of pretest, posttest
1 and posttest 2 were 75.49, 72.59 and 72.67 in control group respectively and found that there is significant difference in childbirth fear (within group, F value=114.69, p<0.001 in experimental group and F =0.575, p=0.564 in control group) and between groups (F value= 81.52, p value <0.001). However, no significant association was found between childbirth fear and sociodemographic/clinical variables.
Conclusion: The study findings revealed that Nurse led FALCI intervention was effective in reducing childbirth fear among the pregnant women and it is recommended that such intervention must be planned at all levels and implemented as routine protocol in maternity services.
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4. Eriksson C, Westman G, Hamberg K. Content of
childbirth-related fear in Swedish women and men-analysis of an open-ended question. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2006;51(2):112-8.
5. Saisto T, Halmesmäki E. Fear of childbirth: a neglected dilemma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2003;82(3):201-8.
6. Melender HL, Lauri S. Fears associated with pregnancy and childbirth--experiences of women who have recently given birth. Midwifery. 1999;15(3):177-82.
7. Aksoy AN, Ozkan H, Gundogdu G. Fear of childbirth in women with normal pregnancy evolution. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2015;42(2):179-83.
8. Nilsson C, Lundgren I, Karlström A, Hildingsson I. Self reported fear of childbirth and its association with women's birth experience and mode of delivery: a longitudinal population-based study. Women Birth. 2012;25(3):114-21.
9. Sharma B, Jungari S, Lawange A. Factors Affecting Fear of Childbirth Among Urban Women in India: A Qualitative Study. SAGE Open. 2022;12(2): https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221089485
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13. Kananikandeh S, Amin Shokravi F, Mirghafourvand M, Jahanfar S. Factors of the childbirth fear among nulliparous women in Iran. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):547.
14. Zhou X, Liu H, Li X, Zhang S. Fear of Childbirth and Associated Risk Factors in Healthy Pregnant Women in Northwest of China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2021 Jun 9;14:731-741.
15. Erkaya R, Karabulutlu Ö, Çalık KY. Defining Childbirth Fear and Anxiety Levels in Pregnant Women. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2017;237:1045–52.
16. Dereje A, Dheresa M, Desalew A, Tura AK. Fear of childbirth among pregnant women in Eastern Ethiopia: A community-based study. Midwifery. 2023 Jan;116:103515.
17. Molgora S, Fenaroli V, Prino LE, Rollè L,Sechi C,
Trovato A, Vismara L, Volpi B, Brustia P, Lucarelli L, Tambelli R, Saita E. Fear of childbirth in primiparous Italian pregnant women: The role of anxiety, depression, and couple adjustment. Women Birth. 2018;31(2): 117-123.
18. Mahnoosh HA, Fadhil SN. Assessment of Childbirth Fear Associated with Childbirth Satisfaction among Pregnant Women in Al-Nasiriyah City. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2022;16(3):1004-7.
19. Hendrix YMGA, Baas MAM, Vanhommerig JW, de Jongh A, Van Pampus MG. Fear of Childbirth in Nulliparous Women. Front Psychol. 2022;13:923819.
20. Nasr EH, Alshehri N, Almutairi MA, Abd Elmenim FM. Fear from Childbirth among Pregnant Women. Open Access Library Journal. 2020;07(07):1–13. doi: 10.4236/oalib.1106427.
21. Gelaw T, Ketema TG, Beyene K, Gurara MK, Ukke GG. Fear of childbirth among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):672.
22. Ölmez F, Oğlak SC. The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Fear of Childbirth among Pregnant Adolescents in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2021;31(4):103–10.
23. Halperin O. Women's Perspectives of Childbirth in Kiboga, Uganda. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2021;50(3):300-306.
24. Toker E, Aktaş S. The childbirth experiences of Syrian refugee mothers living in Turkey: a qualitative study.
J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2021;39(5):544-560.
25. Olza I, Uvnas-Moberg K, Ekström-Bergström A, Leahy-Warren P, Karlsdottir SI, Nieuwenhuijze M, et al. Birth as a neuro-psycho-social event: An integrative model of maternal experiences and their relation to neurohormonal events during childbirth. PLoS One. 2020;15(7):e0230992.
26. Chabbert M, Panagiotou D, Wendland J. Predictive factors of women's subjective perception of childbirth experience: a systematic review of the literature.
J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2021;39(1):43-66.
27. Gökçe İsbir G, İnci F, Önal H, Yıldız PD. The effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following childbirth: an experimental study. Appl Nurs Res. 2016;32:227-232.
28. Fenwick J, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Buist A, Turkstra E, Sneddon A, et al. Study protocol for reducing childbirth fear: a midwife-led psycho-education intervention. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013;13:190.
29. Serçekuş P, Başkale H. Effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and parental attachment. Midwifery. 2016;34:166-172.
30. Karabulut Ö, Coşkuner Potur D, Doğan Merih Y, Cebeci Mutlu S, Demirci N. Does antenatal education reduce fear of childbirth? Int Nurs Rev. 2016;63(1):60-7.
31. Johnson AR, Kumar G M, Jacob R, Jessie MA, Mary F, Agrawal T, et al. Fear of Childbirth among Pregnant Women Availing Antenatal Services in a Maternity Hospital in Rural Karnataka. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine. 2019;41(4):318–22.
32. Saisto T, Salmela-Aro K, Nurmi JE, Könönen T, Halmesmäki E. A randomized controlled trial of intervention in fear of childbirth. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;98(5 Pt 1):820-6.
33. Moghaddam Hosseini V, Nazarzadeh M, Jahanfar S. Interventions for reducing fear of childbirth: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Women Birth. 2018;31(4):254-262.
34. Webb R, Bond R, Romero-Gonzalez B, Mycroft R, Ayers S. Interventions to treat fear of childbirth in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine. 2021;1–14.
35. Mousavi SR, Amiri-Farahani L, Haghani S, Pezaro S. Comparing the effect of childbirth preparation courses delivered both in-person and via social media on pregnancy experience, fear of childbirth, birth preference and mode of birth in pregnant Iranian women: A quasi-experimental study. PLoS One. 2022;17(8):e0272613.
36. Huang J, Huang J, Li Y, Liao B. The prevalence and predictors of fear of childbirth among pregnant Chinese women: a hierarchical regression analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021 ;21(1):643.
37. Berhanu RD, Abathun AD, Negessa EH, Amosa LG. The magnitude and associated factors of childbirth fear among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public hospitals in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):222.
2. Khwepeya M, Lee GT, Chen SR, Kuo SY. Childbirth fear and related factors among pregnant and postpartum women in Malawi. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):391.
3. O'Connell MA, Leahy-Warren P, Khashan AS, Kenny LC, O'Neill SM. Worldwide prevalence of tocophobia in pregnant women: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96(8):907-920.
4. Eriksson C, Westman G, Hamberg K. Content of
childbirth-related fear in Swedish women and men-analysis of an open-ended question. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2006;51(2):112-8.
5. Saisto T, Halmesmäki E. Fear of childbirth: a neglected dilemma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2003;82(3):201-8.
6. Melender HL, Lauri S. Fears associated with pregnancy and childbirth--experiences of women who have recently given birth. Midwifery. 1999;15(3):177-82.
7. Aksoy AN, Ozkan H, Gundogdu G. Fear of childbirth in women with normal pregnancy evolution. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2015;42(2):179-83.
8. Nilsson C, Lundgren I, Karlström A, Hildingsson I. Self reported fear of childbirth and its association with women's birth experience and mode of delivery: a longitudinal population-based study. Women Birth. 2012;25(3):114-21.
9. Sharma B, Jungari S, Lawange A. Factors Affecting Fear of Childbirth Among Urban Women in India: A Qualitative Study. SAGE Open. 2022;12(2): https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221089485
10. Runnals JJ, Vrana SR. Fear of Childbirth in Pregnant Women in the United States Journal of pregnancy and reproduction.2018;2(2): 1-5. doi:10.15761/JPR.1000135. Available from: https://www.oatext.com/fear-of-childbirth-in-pregnant-women-in-the-united-states.php
11. Bakhteh A, Jaberghaderi N, Rezaei M, Naghibzadeh ZA, Kolivand M, Motaghi Z. The effect of interventions in alleviating fear of childbirth in pregnant women: a systematic review. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2024;42(1):5-21.
12. Souto SPAD, Silva RCGD, Prata AP, Guerra MJ, Couto C, Albuquerque RS. Midwives' interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women: a scoping review. JBI Evid Synth. 2022;20(12):2867-2935.
13. Kananikandeh S, Amin Shokravi F, Mirghafourvand M, Jahanfar S. Factors of the childbirth fear among nulliparous women in Iran. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):547.
14. Zhou X, Liu H, Li X, Zhang S. Fear of Childbirth and Associated Risk Factors in Healthy Pregnant Women in Northwest of China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2021 Jun 9;14:731-741.
15. Erkaya R, Karabulutlu Ö, Çalık KY. Defining Childbirth Fear and Anxiety Levels in Pregnant Women. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2017;237:1045–52.
16. Dereje A, Dheresa M, Desalew A, Tura AK. Fear of childbirth among pregnant women in Eastern Ethiopia: A community-based study. Midwifery. 2023 Jan;116:103515.
17. Molgora S, Fenaroli V, Prino LE, Rollè L,Sechi C,
Trovato A, Vismara L, Volpi B, Brustia P, Lucarelli L, Tambelli R, Saita E. Fear of childbirth in primiparous Italian pregnant women: The role of anxiety, depression, and couple adjustment. Women Birth. 2018;31(2): 117-123.
18. Mahnoosh HA, Fadhil SN. Assessment of Childbirth Fear Associated with Childbirth Satisfaction among Pregnant Women in Al-Nasiriyah City. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2022;16(3):1004-7.
19. Hendrix YMGA, Baas MAM, Vanhommerig JW, de Jongh A, Van Pampus MG. Fear of Childbirth in Nulliparous Women. Front Psychol. 2022;13:923819.
20. Nasr EH, Alshehri N, Almutairi MA, Abd Elmenim FM. Fear from Childbirth among Pregnant Women. Open Access Library Journal. 2020;07(07):1–13. doi: 10.4236/oalib.1106427.
21. Gelaw T, Ketema TG, Beyene K, Gurara MK, Ukke GG. Fear of childbirth among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):672.
22. Ölmez F, Oğlak SC. The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Fear of Childbirth among Pregnant Adolescents in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2021;31(4):103–10.
23. Halperin O. Women's Perspectives of Childbirth in Kiboga, Uganda. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2021;50(3):300-306.
24. Toker E, Aktaş S. The childbirth experiences of Syrian refugee mothers living in Turkey: a qualitative study.
J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2021;39(5):544-560.
25. Olza I, Uvnas-Moberg K, Ekström-Bergström A, Leahy-Warren P, Karlsdottir SI, Nieuwenhuijze M, et al. Birth as a neuro-psycho-social event: An integrative model of maternal experiences and their relation to neurohormonal events during childbirth. PLoS One. 2020;15(7):e0230992.
26. Chabbert M, Panagiotou D, Wendland J. Predictive factors of women's subjective perception of childbirth experience: a systematic review of the literature.
J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2021;39(1):43-66.
27. Gökçe İsbir G, İnci F, Önal H, Yıldız PD. The effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following childbirth: an experimental study. Appl Nurs Res. 2016;32:227-232.
28. Fenwick J, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Buist A, Turkstra E, Sneddon A, et al. Study protocol for reducing childbirth fear: a midwife-led psycho-education intervention. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013;13:190.
29. Serçekuş P, Başkale H. Effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and parental attachment. Midwifery. 2016;34:166-172.
30. Karabulut Ö, Coşkuner Potur D, Doğan Merih Y, Cebeci Mutlu S, Demirci N. Does antenatal education reduce fear of childbirth? Int Nurs Rev. 2016;63(1):60-7.
31. Johnson AR, Kumar G M, Jacob R, Jessie MA, Mary F, Agrawal T, et al. Fear of Childbirth among Pregnant Women Availing Antenatal Services in a Maternity Hospital in Rural Karnataka. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine. 2019;41(4):318–22.
32. Saisto T, Salmela-Aro K, Nurmi JE, Könönen T, Halmesmäki E. A randomized controlled trial of intervention in fear of childbirth. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;98(5 Pt 1):820-6.
33. Moghaddam Hosseini V, Nazarzadeh M, Jahanfar S. Interventions for reducing fear of childbirth: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Women Birth. 2018;31(4):254-262.
34. Webb R, Bond R, Romero-Gonzalez B, Mycroft R, Ayers S. Interventions to treat fear of childbirth in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine. 2021;1–14.
35. Mousavi SR, Amiri-Farahani L, Haghani S, Pezaro S. Comparing the effect of childbirth preparation courses delivered both in-person and via social media on pregnancy experience, fear of childbirth, birth preference and mode of birth in pregnant Iranian women: A quasi-experimental study. PLoS One. 2022;17(8):e0272613.
36. Huang J, Huang J, Li Y, Liao B. The prevalence and predictors of fear of childbirth among pregnant Chinese women: a hierarchical regression analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021 ;21(1):643.
37. Berhanu RD, Abathun AD, Negessa EH, Amosa LG. The magnitude and associated factors of childbirth fear among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public hospitals in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):222.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 17, No 4 (December 2023) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jfrh.v17i4.14596 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Childbirth Apprehension Childbirth Fear Fear and Apprehension Related to Labour or Childbirth Improving Pregnant Women Tokophobia Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Mudgal S, Shafqat N, Bhardwaj G, Dora A. Embracing Motherhood: Impact of Nurse Led Fear and Apprehension Related to Labour or Childbirth Improving Intervention (FALCI) in Reducing Childbirth Fear Among Pregnant Women. J Family Reprod Health. 2023;17(4):240-249.
