Future Aspects in Human Cryopreservation
,
Abstract
The capability to preserve human oocytes, blastocysts, ovarian tissue and spermatozoa is an important tool in human assisted reproductive techniques. This preservation allows patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy to preserve their fertility, and helps to attain all benefits from the costly ovarian superovulation therapies prior to ART. The primary goal in establishing an appropriate freezing protocol is to do as little damage as possible while exposing specimens to nonphysiologic ultra low temperatures. Nowadays two techniques are used in cryopreservation: the slow cooling method and the more recent rapid procedure of vitrification. Vitrification is simple, requires no expensive programmable freezing equipment, efficient and cost effective way to improve cumulative pregnancy rates per cycle. Oocytes, blastocysts, ovarian tissue and spermatozoa could be suitable for vitrification and thus cryopreservation. Vitrification proved to be the future of cryopreservation and important progresses are achieved everyday in this active domain in a trial to set the optimal protocol for cryopreservation of different types of gametes, embryos and tissue.
ESHRE (2005) Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 2001. Results generated from the European Registers by the ESHRE. Hum Reprod 20, 1158-76.
De Jong D, Eijkemans MJ ,Beckers NG,Pruijsten RV,Frauser BC, Macklon NS. The benefit of cryopreservation to cumulative ongoing pregnancy rates per IVF treatment: is cryopreservation worth the effort? J Assist Reprod Genet 2002; 19:561-8.
Mandelbaum J. Human embryo cryopreservation: past, present and future. Proceedings of symposium on “Cryobiology and Cryopreservation of Human Gametes and Embryos” ESHRE Campus 2004. Brussels, Belgium, 12th to 13th March 2004; 17-22.
Mandelbaum J, Menezo.Y. Embryo cryopreservation in humans. In Gardner DK, Weissman A, Howles CM (Eds). A comprehensive textbook of assisted reproduction technology: laboratory and clinical perspective. Taylor & Francis group. New York 2004.
Veeck L. Does the developmental stage at freeze impact clinical results post-thaw? Reprod Biomed Online 2003; 6:367-74.
American cancer society. National cancer institute: Cancer incidence public-use database Cancer facts and figures – 2001 Atlanta, GA.
Chen C. Pregnancy after human oocytes cryopreserva-tion. Lancet 1986; 1:884-6.
Al-Hasani S, Diedrich K,Van der Ven H, Reinecke A, Hartje M,Krebs D. Cryopreservation of human oocytes. Hum Reprod 1987; 695-700.
Van Uem JFHM, Siebzehnrubl ER, Schun B, Koch R, Trotnow S, and Lang N. Birth after cryopreservation of unfertilized oocytes. Lancet 1987; 1: 752-3.
Spallanzani L. Opuscoli di Fisica Anamale e Vegitabile Opuscola II. Observationi e sperienze intorno ai vermi celli spermatica dell homo e degli animali. Modena 1776.
Fuller B, Paynter S, Watson P. Cryopreservation of human gametes and embryos. In: Fuller B, Lane N, Benson E (Eds). Life in the frozen state. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2004; 505-41.
Leibo SP, Sonsasen N. Cryopreservation of gametes and embryos of non-domestic species. Theriogenology 2002; 57: 303-26.
Testart J, Lassalle B, Belaisch-Allart J, Hazout A , Forman R,Rainhorn JD, Frydman R. High pregnancy rate after early human embryo freezing. Fert Steril 1986; 46: 268-72.
Testart J, Lassalle B, Belaisch-Allart J, et al. Cryopreservation does not affect the future of human fertilised eggs. Lancet 1986; 2 : 569
Cha KY, Yoon TK, Kim T, Chung HM. Vitrification of human oocytes. In Gardner DK, Weissman A, Howles CM (Eds). A comprehensive textbook of assisted reproduction technology: laboratory and clinical perspective. Taylor & Francis group. New York 2004. Chapter 19: 257.
Kuleshova LL, Lopata A. Vitrification can be more favourable than slow cooling. Fertil Steril 2002; 78:449-54.
Kuwayama M, Vajta G, Kato O, Leibo SP. Highly efficient vitrification method for cryopreservation of human oocytes. Reprod Biomed Online 2005; 11: 300-8.
Kuwayama M, Vajta G, Kato O, Leda S. Comparison of open and closed methods for vitrification of human embryos and the elimination of potential contamina-tion. Reprod Biomed Online 2005; 11: 608-14.
Fahy GM, Levy DI, Ali SE. Some emerging principles underlying the physical properties ,biological actions, and utility of vitrification solutions.Cryobiology 1987;724:196-213.
Fahy GM. Vitrification : anew approach to organ cryopreservation . in Meryman HT,ed. Transplantation: Approaches to graft rejection. New-York :Alan R Liss, 1986: 305-35.
Rall WF, Fahy GM. Ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryos at -196 C by vitrification. Nature 1985; 313: 573-5.
Emiliani S, Van den Bergh M, Vannin AS, Biramane J, Englert Y. Comparison of ethylene glycol, 1,2-propranediol and glycerol for cryopreservation of slow cooled mouse zygotes, 4-cell embryos and blastocysts . Hum Reproduction 2000,15:905-10.
Titterington JL, Robinson J, Killick SR et al. Synthetic and biological macromolecules: protection of mouse embryos during cryopreservation by vitrification. Hum Reprod 1995; 10:649-53.
Yokota Y, Sato S, Yokota M, et al. Successful pregnancy following blastocyst vitrification. Hum Reprod 2000;15:1802-3.
Santhanathan AH, NG SC,Trounson AO et al. The effect of ultrarapid cooling on meiotic spindles of mouse oocytes and embryos. Gamete Res 1988;21:385-401.
Johnson MH, Pickering SJ. The effect of Dimethylsulfoxide on the microtubular system of the mouse oocytes. Development 1987;100:313-24.
Carroll J, Depypere H, Matthews CD. Freeze-thaw induced changes of the zona pellucida explains decreased rates of fertilization in frozen-thawed mouse oocytes. J Reprod Fertil 1990;90:547-53.
Moller CC, Wassarman PM. Characterization of a proteinase that cleves zona pellucida glycoprotein ZP2 following activation of mouse eggs. Dev Biol 1989;132:103-12.
Ashwood-Smith MJ, Morris GW, Fowler R et al. Physical factors are involved in the destruction of embryos and oocytes during freezing and thawing procedure. Hum Reprod 1988;3:795-802.
Johnson MH, Pickering SJ. The effect of dimethyl-sulfoxide on the microtubular system of the mouse oocytes.Development 1987; 100:313-24.
Kuleshova L, Gianoroli L, Magli C, et al. Birth following vitrification of small number of human oocytes. Hum Reprod 1999;14:3077-9.
Yoon TK,Chung HM,Lim JM, et al. Pregnancy and delivery of healthy infants developed from vitrified oocytes in a stimulated in vitro fertilization embryo transfer program.Fertil Steril 2000;74:180-1.
Veeck LL,Amundson CH, Brothman LJ, et al. Significantly enhanced pregnancy rates per cycle through cryopreservation and thaw of pronuclear stage oocytes.Fertil Steril 1993;59:1202-7.
Porcu E , Fabbri R,Damiano G, et al. Clinical experience and applications of oocyte cryopreservation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2000; 169:33-7.
Fabbri R, Porcu E, Marsella T, Rocchetta G, Venturoli S, Flamigni C. Human oocyte cryopreservation : new perspectives regarding oocyte survival . Hum Reprod 2001;16:411-6.
Yoon TK, Kim TJ, Park SE et al. Live birth after vitrification of oocytes in a stimulted in vitro fertilization embryo transfer program. Fertil Steril 2003;79:1232-6.
Mandelbaum J, Junca AM, Plachot M, Alnot MO, Salat-Baroux J , Alvarez S et al. Cryopreservation of human embryos and oocytes. Hum Reprod 1988;3(1): 117-9.
Fabbri R, Porcu E, Marsella T, Rocchetta G, Venturoli S, Flamigni C. Human oocyte cryopreservation : new perspectives regarding oocyte survival . Hum Reprod 2001;16:411-6.
Fabbri R, Porcu E, Marsella T, Rocchetta G, Venturoli S, Flamigni C. Human oocyte cryopreservation : new perspectives regarding oocyte survival . Hum Reprod 2001;16:411-6.
Selman HA, El-Danasouri I. Pregnancies derived from vitrified human zygotes. Fertil Steril 2002, 77:422-23.
Vanderzwalmen P, Bertin G, Debauche C ,et al. Births after vitrification at morula and blastocyst stages: effect of artificial reduction of the blastocoelic cavity before vitrification. Hum Reprod 2002; 17:744-51.
Veeck LL, Berrios R, Bodine R, Clarke RN, Zaninovic N. In Gardner DK, Weissman A, Howles CM (Eds). A comprehensive textbook of assisted reproduction technology: laboratory and clinical perspective. Taylor & Francis group. New York 2004.
Isachenko V, Alabart JL, Nawroth F, et al. The open pulled straw vitrification of ovine GV-oocytes: positive effect of rapid cooling or rapid thawing or both? CryoLett 2001; 22: 157-62.
Isachenko EF, Nayudu PL. Vitrification of mouse germinal vesicle oocytes: effect of treatment temperature and egg yolk on chromatin and spindle normality and cumulus integrity . Hum Reprod 1999;14:400-8.
Takahashi K, Mukaida T, Goto T, Oka C. Perinatal outcome of blastocyst transfer with the vitrification using cryoloop: a 4-year follow-up study. Fertil Steril 2005; 84:88-92.
Huang CC, Lee TH, Chen HH, Cheng TC, Liu CH, Yang YS,Lee MS. Successful pregnancy following blastocyst cryopreservation using super-cooling ultra-rapid vitrification.Hum Reprod 2005;20:122-8.
Stehlik E,Stehlik J, Katayama KP, Kuwayama M, Jambor V, Brohammer R,Kato O. Vitrification demonstrates significant improvement versus slow freezing of human blastocysts. Reprod Biomed Online 2005; 11(1):53-7.
Zhu GJ, Jin L, Zhang HW,Li YF, Wei YL, Hu J. Vitrification of human cleaved embryos in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2005; 40:682-4.
Orief Y; Schultze-Mosgau A; Al-Hasani S. Debate: Vitrification versus conventional Cryopreservation technique. Middle East Fert Society J. 2005; 3:207-9.
Kumasako Y, Kumon M, Utsunomiya T, Araki Y. Successful pregnancy after the vitrification of zygotes using commercial vitrification solutions and convential straws to protect against infections in liquid nitrogen. J Assist Reprod Genet 2005; 22:33-5.
Vanderzwalmen P,Bertin G,Debauche Ch, Standaert V, Bollen N, Van Roosendaal E, Vandervorst M,Schoysman R, Zech N. Vitrification of human blastocysts with the Hemsi-Straw carrier: application of assisted hatching after thawing. Hum Reprod 2003; 18:1504-11.
Mukaida T, Takahashi K, Kasai M. Blastocyst cryopreservation: ultra rapid using cryoloop technique. Reprod Biomed Online 2003; 6:221-5.
Mukaida T, Nakamura S, Tomiyama T, Wada S, Oka C, Kasai M, Takahashi K. Vitrification of human blastocysts using cryoloops: clinical outcome of 223 cycles. Hum Reprod 2003; 18:384-91.
Reed ML, Lane M, Gardner DK, Jensen NL, Thompson J. Vitrification of human blastocysts using the cryoloops method: successful clinical application and birth of offspring. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2002; 19:304-6.
Liebermann J, Tucker MJ. Effect of carrier system on the yield of human oocytes and embryos as assessed by survival and developmental potential after vitrification. Reproduction 2002; 124:483-9.
Mukaida T, Nakamura S, Tomiyama T, Wada S, Kasai M,Takahashi K. Successful birth after transfer of vitrified human blastocysts with use of a cryoloops containerless technique. Fertil Steril 2001; 76:618-20.
El-Danasouri I, Selman H. Successful pregnancies and deliveries after a simple vitrification protocol for day 3 human embryos. Fertil Steril 2001;76:400-2.
Tucker MJ, Wright G, Morton PC, et al. Birth after cryopreservation of immature oocytes with subsequent in vitro maturation. Fertil Steril 1998; 70:578-9.
Cha KY, Chung HM, Lim JM, et al. Freezing immature oocytes .Mol Cell Endocrinol 2000; 169:43-7.
Aman RR, Parks JE. Effects of cooling and rewarming on the meiotic spindle and chromosomes of invitro-matured bovine oocytes.Biol Reprod 1994; 50:103-10.
Bielanski A, Nadin-Davis S, Sappi T, et al.Viral contamination of embryos cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Cryobiology 2000; 40:110-16.
Green S, Smith AU, Zuckerman S. The numbers of oocytes in ovarian autografts after freezing and thawing. J of Endocrinology 1956; 13:330-4.
Parkes AS. Factors affecting the viability of frozen ovarian tissue. J of Endocrinology 1958; 17:337-343.
Hovatta O, Silye R, Krausz T, et al. Cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue using dimethylsulphoxide and propanediol-sucrose as cryoprotectants .Hum Reprod 1996;11:1268-72.
Newton H, Aubard Y, Rutherford A et al. Low temperature storage and grafting of human ovarian tissue.Hum Reprod 1996; 11:1487-91.
Oktay K, Karlikaya G. Ovarian function after transplantation of frozen banked autologous ovarian tissue. New England Journal of Medicine 2000; 342:1919.
Radford J. Restoration of fertility after treatment for cancer. Hormone Research 2003; 59:21-3.
Oktay K,Buyk E, Veeck L, et al. Embryo development after heterotopic transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue. Lancet 2004; 363:837-40.
Schmidt KL,Yding Andreson C, Starup J et al . Orthotopic autotransplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue to a woman cured from cancer-follicular growth, steroid production and oocytes retrieval. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 8:448-53.
Donnez J, Dolmans MM, Demylle D, et al. Livebirth after orthotopic transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue. Lancet 2004; 364:1405-10.
Hovatta O. Methods for cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue. Reprod Biomed Online 2005; 6: 729-734.
Fuller B, Paynter S. Fundementals of cryobiology in reproductive medicine. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 9:680-91.
Takahashi et al. Perinatal outcome of blastocyst transfer with vitrification using cryoloop: a 4 years follow up study. Fert Steril 84;88-92.
Goud A, Goud P, Qian C, et al. Cryopreservation of human germinal vesicle stage and invitro matured MII oocytes: influence of cryopreservation media on the survival, fertilization and early cleavage divisions. Fertil Steril 2000; 74: 487-94.
Stachecki JJ, Cohen J, Willadsen S. Cryopreservation of unfertilized mouse oocytes: the effect of replacing sodium with Choline in the freezing media. Cryobiology 1998; 37:346-54.
Stachecki JJ, Cohen J, Willadsen S. Detrimental effect of sodium during mouse oocytes cryopreservation. Human Reprod 1998; 59: 395-400.
Stachecki JJ, Cohen J, Schimmel T, et al. Fetal development of mouse oocytes and zygotes cryopreserved in a non conventional freezing medium. Cryobiology 2002; 44: 5-13.
Park SE, Chung HM, and Cha KY, et al. Cryopreservation of ICR mouse oocytes: improved post-thawed preimplantation development after vitrification using Taxol, a cycloskeleton stabilizer. Fertil Steril 2001; 75:1177-84.
Dobrinsky JR, Pursel VG, Long CR, et al. Birth of piglets after transfer of embryos preserved by cycloskeletal stabilization and vitrification. Biol Reprod 2000; 62: 564-70.
Devroey P, Liu J, Nagy Z et al. Pregnancies after testicular sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in non-obstructive azoospermia. Hum Reprod 1995; 10:1457-1460.
Setti P, Albani E, Vovara P et al. Normal birth after transfer of cryopreserved human embryos generated by microinjection of cryopreserved testicular spermatozoa into cryopreserved human oocytes. Fertil steril 2005; 83: 1041e9-1041e10.
Isachenko V, Isachenko E, Montag M, Zaeva V ,et al . Clean technique for cryoprotectant-free vitrification of human spermatozoa. Reprod Biomed Online 2005; 3:350-54.
Isachenko V, Isachenko E,Katkov II et al. Integrity and motility of human spermatozoa after standard slow freezing versus cryoprotectants free vitrification. Hum Reprod 2004 b; 19:932-39.
Al-Hasani S, Demirel LC, Schopper B, et al. Pregnancies achieved after frozen-thawed pronuclear oocytes obtained by intracytoplasmic sperm injection with spermatozoa extracted from frozen-thawed testicular tissues from non obstructive azoospermia men. Hum Rerprod 1999; 14: 2031-5.
Donnelly ET, Steele EK, McClure N, Lewis SE. Assessment of DNA integrity and morphology of ejaculated spermatozoa from fertile and infertile men before and after cryopreservation. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 1191-9.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 2, No 1 (March 2008) | |
| Section | Review Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Vitrification Slow freeze Gametes Zygotesl Cryoprotectants | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
