Association of Smoking With Semen Quality and µ-Calpain Level in Normospermia: A Case-Control Study
Abstract
Objective: Calpains are a family of Ca2+ dependent proteases. There is some evidence that calpains involved in fusion process that occurs between spermatozoa and the oocyte. The current study aimed to investigate the association of smoking with semen quality and µ-calpain level.
Materials and methods: This case-control study was conducted on 117 normospermia males between June 2013 and march 2014 in Jahad Laboratory in ahvaz, Iran. The semen samples were collected from male smokers (n = 50) and non-smokers (n = 67). We divided these participants as light, moderate, or heavy smokers based on their cigarettes per day (CPD). ELISA assays were used to measure µ-calpain concentration. All semen samples were analyzed according to World Health Organization guidelines.
Results: The analysis of semen showed the volume, concentration, motility and morphology of semen were significantly lower among the smoker men than the non-smoker men. Also this significant difference was observed based on the number (light, moderate and heavy smokers) and duration (short term and long term smoker) of smoking. Although, showed no significant difference between µ-calpain of smoker men and non-smoker men. CPD showed negatively correlation with semen volume, concentration, motility and morphology of sperm.
Conclusion: Sperm quality was negatively correlated with CPD and duration of smoking. However, there is no significant correlation between smoking and µ-calpain concentration.
Zegers-Hochschild F, Adamson GD, de Mouzon J, Ishihara O, Mansour R, Nygren K, et al. "The international committee for monitoring assisted reproductive technology (ICMART) and the world health organization (WHO) revised glossary on ART terminology. Hum Reprod 2009; 24: 2683-7.
Kooti W, Mansouri E, Ghasemiboroon M, Harizi M, Ashtary-Larky D, Afrisham R. The Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of apium graveolens leaf on the number of sexual cells and testicular structure in rat. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2014; 9: e17532.
Ghaffari MA, Rostami M. The effect of cigarette smoking on human sperm creatine kinase activity: as an ATP buffering system in sperm. Int J Fertil Steril. 2013; 6: 258-65.
Pope CA , Burnett RT, Turner MC, Cohen A, Krewski D, Jerrett M, et al. Lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality associated with ambient air pollution and cigarette smoke: shape of the exposure-response relationships. Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119: 1616-21.
Gaur DS, Talekar M, Pathak VP. Effect of cigarette smoking on semen quality of infertile men. Singapore Med J 2007; 48: 119-23.
Perrin BJ, Huttenlocher A. Calpain. Int J Biochem Cell
Biol 2002; 34: 722-5.
Goll DE, Thompson VF, Li H, Wei W, Cong J. The calpain system. Physiol Rev 2003; 83: 731-801.
Suzuki K, Hata S, Kawabata Y, Sorimachi H. Structure, activation, and biology of calpain. Diabetes 2004; 53 Suppl 1: S12-8.
Rojas FJ, Brush M, Moretti-Rojas I. Calpain-calpastatin: a novel, complete calcium-dependent protease system in human spermatozoa. Mol Hum Reprod 1999; 5: 520-6.
Yoneda R, Takahashi T, Matsui H, Takano N, Hasebe Y, Ogiwara K, et al. Three testis-specific paralogous serine proteases play different roles in murine spermatogenesis and are involved in germ cell survival during meiosis. Biol Reprod 2013; 88: 118.
Rojas FJ, Brush M, Moretti-Rojas I. Calpain-calpastatin: a novel, complete calcium-dependent protease system in human spermatozoa. Mol Hum Reprod 1999 ;5: 520-6.
Aoyama T, Ozaki Y, Aoki K, Kunimatsu M, Tada T, Sasaki M, Suzumori K. Involvement of mu-calpain in human sperm capacitation for fertilization. Am J Reprod Immunol 2001; 45: 12-20.
Bastián Y, Roa-Espitia AL, Mújica A, Hernández-González EO. Calpain modulates capacitation and acrosome reaction through cleavage of the spectrin cytoskeleton. Reproduction 2010; 140: 673-84.
Zhang JP, Meng QY, Wang Q, Zhang LJ, Mao YL, Sun ZX. Effect of smoking on semen quality of infertile men in Shandong, China. Asian J Androl 2000; 2: 143-6.
World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. 5th ed. WHO Press, 2010.
World Health Organization. WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen.5th ed. WHO Press, Switzerland, 2010: 30-2.
Lee CY, Huang YS, Huang CH, Hu PC, Menge AC. Monoclonal antibodies to human sperm antigens. J Reprod Immunol 1982; 4: 173-81.
Trummer H, Habermann H, Haas J, Pummer K. The impact of cigarette smoking on human semen parameters and hormones. Hum Reprod 2002; 17: 1554-9.
Collodel G, Capitani S, Pammolli A, Giannerini V, Geminiani M, Moretti E. Semen quality of male
idiopathic infertile smokers and nonsmokers: an ultrastructural study. J Androl 2010; 31: 108-13.
Hassa H, Yildirim A, Can C, Turgut M, Tanir HM, Senses T, et al. Effect of smoking on semen parameters of men attending an infertility clinic. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2006; 33: 19-22.
Rojas FJ, Moretti-Rojas I. Involvement of the calcium-specific protease, calpain, in the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa. Int J Androl 2000; 23: 163-8.
Künzle R, Mueller MD, Hänggi W, Birkhäuser MH, Drescher H, Bersinger NA. Semen quality of male smokers and nonsmokers in infertile couples. Fertil Steril 2003; 79: 287-91.
Sepaniak S, Forges T, Gerard H, Foliguet B, Bene MC, Monnier-Barbarino P. The influence of cigarette smoking on human sperm quality and DNA fragmentation. Toxicology 2006; 223: 54-60.
Gaur DS, Talekar M, Pathak VP. Effect of cigarette smoking on semen quality of infertile men. Singapore Med J 2007; 48: 119-23.
Kidd SA, Eskenazi B, Wyrobek AJ. Effects of male age on semen quality and fertility: a review of the literature. Fertil Steril 2001; 75: 237-48.
Ramlau-Hansen CH, Thulstrup AM, Aggerholm AS, Jensen MS, Toft G, Bonde JP. Is smoking a risk factor for decreased semen quality? A cross-sectional analysis. Hum Reprod 2007; 22: 188-96.
Mostafa T. Cigarette smoking and male infertility. Journal of Advanced Research 2010; 1: 179-186.
Meri ZB, Irshid IB, Migdadi M, Irshid AB, Mhanna SA. Does cigarette smoking affect seminal fluid parameters? A comparative study. Oman Med J 2013; 28: 12-5.
Davar R, Sekhavat L, Naserzadeh N. Semen parameters of non-infertile smoker and non-smoker men. J Med Life 2012; 5: 465-8.
Oyeyipo IP, Maartens PJ, du Plessis SS. In vitro effects of nicotine on human spermatozoa. Andrologia 2014; 46: 887-92.
Joursaraei S GH A, Shibahara H, Ayustawati, Hirano Y, Shiraishi Y, Khalatbari A, et al. The in-vitro effects of nicotine, cotinine and leptin on sperm parameters analyzed by CASA system. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2008; 6: 157-165.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 10, No 1 (March 2016) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Case-Control Study Smoking Semen Calpain | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
