Affecting Factors of Parturient Women’s Privacy Preservation in The Maternity Ward: A Qualitative Study
Abstract
Objective: Different factors have an important role in the positive and negative childbirth experiences of the mothers. The parturient mother’s privacy preservation is one of the factors for increasing the mothers’ satisfaction consistent with natural childbirth. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the parturient mother’s privacy preservation.
Materials and methods: Content analysis was used in this qualitative study that is based on the semi structured individual interviews with women who had experienced natural vaginal delivery, midwives, and the specialist in a maternity ward from 2018 to 2021 in Shahroud, Iran. The collected data were analyzed simultaneously with the sampling procedure using a five-step qualitative content analysis method. To ensure the robustness of the data, Lincoln and Guba's four criteria (credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability) were used.
Results: The findings of the study with 40 participants resulted in the extraction of 28 codes, 9 subcategories, and 2 main categories entitled extra-and intra personal factors affecting the mother’s privacy.
Conclusion: To foster the mother’s awareness of her rights and privacy during pregnancy and delivery, continuous education, monitoring, and evaluating both the students and the staff to respect preserving the mother’s privacy is necessary to develop an instrument to measure the preservation of the mother’s privacy in the maternity ward.
1. Bradfield Z, Kelly M, Hauck Y, Duggan R. Midwives ‘with woman’ in the private obstetric model: Where divergent philosophies meet. Women Birth 2019; 32: 157–67.
2. Hussein SAAA, Dahlen HG, Ogunsiji O, Schmied V. Jordanian women's experiences and constructions of labour and birth in different settings, over time and across generations: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20: 357.
3. Hosseini Tabaghdehi M, Kolahdozan S, Keramat A, Shahhossein Z, Moosazadeh M, Motaghi Z. Prevalence and factors affecting the negative childbirth experiences: a systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 33: 3849-56.
4. Gottvall K, Waldenstrom U. Does a traumatic birth experience have an impact on future reproduction? BJOG 2002; 109: 254–60.
5. Serenko N, Fan L . Patients’ perceptions of privacy and their outcomes in healthcare. Int J Behavioural and Healthcare Research 2013; 4: 101-22.
6. Tehrani TH, Maddah SSB, Fallahi-Khoshknab M, Shahboulaghi FM, Ebadi A. Perception of Hospitalized Patients Regarding Respect for Privacy. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research 2018; 13: 80-7.
7. Parsapoor A, Bagheri A, Larijani B. Patient's rights charter in Iran. Acta Med Iran 2014; 52: 24-8.
8. Woogara J. Patients' privacy of the person and human rights. Nurs Ethics 2005; 12: 273-87.
9. Heidari MR, Anooshe M, Azadarmaki T, Mohammadi E. The process of patient's privacy: A grounded theory. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 2011; 19: 644-54.
10. Moskop JC, Marco CA, Larkin GL, Geiderman JM, Derse AR. From Hippocrates to HIPAA: privacy and confidentiality in emergency medicine—part II: challenges in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 2005; 45: 60-7.
11. Valizadeh F, Ghasemi SF. Human privacy respect from viewpoint of hospitalized patients. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30: 8456.
12. Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today 2004; 24: 105-12.
13. Hsieh HF, Shannon SE. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res 2005; 15: 1277-88.
14. Polite D F, Beck C T. Essential of nursing research: apprising evidence for nursing practice. 7th edt.Philadelphia, PA: 530 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010: 531-2.
15. Withers M, Kharazmi N, Lim E. Traditional beliefs and practices in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum: A review of the evidence from Asian countries. Midwifery 2018; 56: 158–70.
16. Behruzi R, Hatem M, Goulet L, Fraser WD. Perception of humanization of birth in a highly specialized hospital: let’s think differently. Health Care Women Int 2014; 35: 127–48.
17. Aziato L, Odai PNA, Omenyo CN. Religious beliefs and practices in pregnancy and labor: an inductive qualitative study among post-partum women in Ghana. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2016; 16: 138.
18. Moridi M , Pazandeh F, Hajian S, Potrata B. Midwives’ perspectives of respectful maternity care during childbirth: A qualitative study. PLOS ONE 2020; 15: e0229941.
19. Iravani M, Janghorbani M, Zarean E, Bahrami M. Barriers to Implementing Evidence-Based 536 Intrapartum Care: A Descriptive Exploratory Qualitative Study. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2016; 18: e21471.
20. Mirmawlai T, Mehran A, Rahimi Gasabeh S.Mother's opinions concerning the importance of and their satisfaction with support received in the labor and delivery rooms. Journal of Hayat 2003; 9: 41-8.(in Persian)
21. Mesgarzade M , Orujlu S , Ebrahimi M , Baghaie M . Survuy of Mother's Satisfaction From Provided Care In Delivery Unit In The Khoy Qamar Bani Hashem Hospital in 2012. Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2014; 10: 915-25.
22. Hasheminasab L, Shahoee R, Zaheri F, Shahsavari S. The survey of awareness of hospitalized mothers in postpartum ward regarding pregnant women's rights charter and its related factors in the governmental hospitals of Sanandaj City in 2013. Scientific Journal of Nursing Midwifery and Paramedical Faculty 2015; 1: 1-9.
23. Masoomi SZ, Niazi Z, Bakht R, Roshanaii GH. The Effect of Education of Pregnant Women's Bill of Rights to Midwives, on Satisfaction of the Women Referred to Labor Unit of Imam Reza hospital. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY CARE 2016; 24: 58-67.
24. Khodakarami N, Jan Nesari S. Evaluating mothers' awareness about pregnant women’s rights. Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine 2009; 2: 51-8.
25. McKinnon LC, Prosser SJ, Miller YD. What women want: qualitative analysis of consumer evaluations of maternity care in Queensland, Australia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014; 14: 366.
26. Esposito NW. Marginalized women's comparisons of their hospital and freestanding birth center experiences: a contrast of inner-city birthing systems. Health Care Women Int 1999; 20: 111-26.
27. Rosen HE, Lynam PF, Carr C, Reis V, Ricca J,Bazant ES, et al. Direct observation of Respectful maternity care in five countries : a cross-sectionalsstudy of health facilities in East and Southern Africa. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15: 306.
28. Joolaee S, Hajibabaee F. Patient rights in Iran: a review article. Nurs Ethics 2012; 19:45-57.
29. Hong Y, Patrick TB, Gillis R. Protection of Patient's Privacy and Data Security in E-Health Services. 2008 International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics.
30. Jahanpour F, Rasti R. Viewpoints of Nurses and Patients on Paying Respect to the Privacy of Patients in Care. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2014; 24: 34-42.
31. Mohseni M , Bahadoran P ,Abedi HA . The quality of postpartum care from mothers’ view point. Hakim research journal 2010; 91: 27-34.(in Persian)
32. .Hosseini Tabaghdehi M , Keramat A, Kolahdozan S, Shahhosseini Z , Moosazadeh M, Motaghi Z. Positive Childbirth Experience: A Qualitative Study . Nurs Open 2020 ; 7: 1233-8.
33. Abdollahpour S, Motaghi Z. Lived Traumatic Childbirth Experiences of Newly Delivered Mothers Admitted to the Postpartum Ward: a Phenomenological Study. J Caring Sci 2019; 8: 23-31.
34. Abdelhamid M, Gaia J, Sanders GL. Putting the Focus Back on the Patient: How Privacy Concerns Affect Personal Health Information Sharing Intentions. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19: e169.
35. Jin J, Sklar GE, Min Sen Oh V, Chuen Li S. Factors affecting therapeutic compliance: A review from the patient’s perspective. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2008; 4: 269–86.
36. Calleja P, Forrest L. Improving patient privacy and confidentiality in one regional Emergency Department, A quality project. Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal 2011; 14: 251-6.
2. Hussein SAAA, Dahlen HG, Ogunsiji O, Schmied V. Jordanian women's experiences and constructions of labour and birth in different settings, over time and across generations: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20: 357.
3. Hosseini Tabaghdehi M, Kolahdozan S, Keramat A, Shahhossein Z, Moosazadeh M, Motaghi Z. Prevalence and factors affecting the negative childbirth experiences: a systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 33: 3849-56.
4. Gottvall K, Waldenstrom U. Does a traumatic birth experience have an impact on future reproduction? BJOG 2002; 109: 254–60.
5. Serenko N, Fan L . Patients’ perceptions of privacy and their outcomes in healthcare. Int J Behavioural and Healthcare Research 2013; 4: 101-22.
6. Tehrani TH, Maddah SSB, Fallahi-Khoshknab M, Shahboulaghi FM, Ebadi A. Perception of Hospitalized Patients Regarding Respect for Privacy. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research 2018; 13: 80-7.
7. Parsapoor A, Bagheri A, Larijani B. Patient's rights charter in Iran. Acta Med Iran 2014; 52: 24-8.
8. Woogara J. Patients' privacy of the person and human rights. Nurs Ethics 2005; 12: 273-87.
9. Heidari MR, Anooshe M, Azadarmaki T, Mohammadi E. The process of patient's privacy: A grounded theory. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 2011; 19: 644-54.
10. Moskop JC, Marco CA, Larkin GL, Geiderman JM, Derse AR. From Hippocrates to HIPAA: privacy and confidentiality in emergency medicine—part II: challenges in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 2005; 45: 60-7.
11. Valizadeh F, Ghasemi SF. Human privacy respect from viewpoint of hospitalized patients. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30: 8456.
12. Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today 2004; 24: 105-12.
13. Hsieh HF, Shannon SE. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res 2005; 15: 1277-88.
14. Polite D F, Beck C T. Essential of nursing research: apprising evidence for nursing practice. 7th edt.Philadelphia, PA: 530 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010: 531-2.
15. Withers M, Kharazmi N, Lim E. Traditional beliefs and practices in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum: A review of the evidence from Asian countries. Midwifery 2018; 56: 158–70.
16. Behruzi R, Hatem M, Goulet L, Fraser WD. Perception of humanization of birth in a highly specialized hospital: let’s think differently. Health Care Women Int 2014; 35: 127–48.
17. Aziato L, Odai PNA, Omenyo CN. Religious beliefs and practices in pregnancy and labor: an inductive qualitative study among post-partum women in Ghana. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2016; 16: 138.
18. Moridi M , Pazandeh F, Hajian S, Potrata B. Midwives’ perspectives of respectful maternity care during childbirth: A qualitative study. PLOS ONE 2020; 15: e0229941.
19. Iravani M, Janghorbani M, Zarean E, Bahrami M. Barriers to Implementing Evidence-Based 536 Intrapartum Care: A Descriptive Exploratory Qualitative Study. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2016; 18: e21471.
20. Mirmawlai T, Mehran A, Rahimi Gasabeh S.Mother's opinions concerning the importance of and their satisfaction with support received in the labor and delivery rooms. Journal of Hayat 2003; 9: 41-8.(in Persian)
21. Mesgarzade M , Orujlu S , Ebrahimi M , Baghaie M . Survuy of Mother's Satisfaction From Provided Care In Delivery Unit In The Khoy Qamar Bani Hashem Hospital in 2012. Nursing and Midwifery Journal 2014; 10: 915-25.
22. Hasheminasab L, Shahoee R, Zaheri F, Shahsavari S. The survey of awareness of hospitalized mothers in postpartum ward regarding pregnant women's rights charter and its related factors in the governmental hospitals of Sanandaj City in 2013. Scientific Journal of Nursing Midwifery and Paramedical Faculty 2015; 1: 1-9.
23. Masoomi SZ, Niazi Z, Bakht R, Roshanaii GH. The Effect of Education of Pregnant Women's Bill of Rights to Midwives, on Satisfaction of the Women Referred to Labor Unit of Imam Reza hospital. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY CARE 2016; 24: 58-67.
24. Khodakarami N, Jan Nesari S. Evaluating mothers' awareness about pregnant women’s rights. Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine 2009; 2: 51-8.
25. McKinnon LC, Prosser SJ, Miller YD. What women want: qualitative analysis of consumer evaluations of maternity care in Queensland, Australia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2014; 14: 366.
26. Esposito NW. Marginalized women's comparisons of their hospital and freestanding birth center experiences: a contrast of inner-city birthing systems. Health Care Women Int 1999; 20: 111-26.
27. Rosen HE, Lynam PF, Carr C, Reis V, Ricca J,Bazant ES, et al. Direct observation of Respectful maternity care in five countries : a cross-sectionalsstudy of health facilities in East and Southern Africa. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15: 306.
28. Joolaee S, Hajibabaee F. Patient rights in Iran: a review article. Nurs Ethics 2012; 19:45-57.
29. Hong Y, Patrick TB, Gillis R. Protection of Patient's Privacy and Data Security in E-Health Services. 2008 International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics.
30. Jahanpour F, Rasti R. Viewpoints of Nurses and Patients on Paying Respect to the Privacy of Patients in Care. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2014; 24: 34-42.
31. Mohseni M , Bahadoran P ,Abedi HA . The quality of postpartum care from mothers’ view point. Hakim research journal 2010; 91: 27-34.(in Persian)
32. .Hosseini Tabaghdehi M , Keramat A, Kolahdozan S, Shahhosseini Z , Moosazadeh M, Motaghi Z. Positive Childbirth Experience: A Qualitative Study . Nurs Open 2020 ; 7: 1233-8.
33. Abdollahpour S, Motaghi Z. Lived Traumatic Childbirth Experiences of Newly Delivered Mothers Admitted to the Postpartum Ward: a Phenomenological Study. J Caring Sci 2019; 8: 23-31.
34. Abdelhamid M, Gaia J, Sanders GL. Putting the Focus Back on the Patient: How Privacy Concerns Affect Personal Health Information Sharing Intentions. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19: e169.
35. Jin J, Sklar GE, Min Sen Oh V, Chuen Li S. Factors affecting therapeutic compliance: A review from the patient’s perspective. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2008; 4: 269–86.
36. Calleja P, Forrest L. Improving patient privacy and confidentiality in one regional Emergency Department, A quality project. Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal 2011; 14: 251-6.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 15, No 3 (September 2021) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jfrh.v15i3.7137 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Privacy Pregnant Women Qualitative Research Maternal Health Services | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Valizadeh F, Heshmat F, Mohammadi S, Motaghi Z. Affecting Factors of Parturient Women’s Privacy Preservation in The Maternity Ward: A Qualitative Study. J Family Reprod Health. 2021;15(3):186-195.
