The Effect of Psycho-Education Intervention Based on Relaxation Methods and Guided Imagery on Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnant Women
Abstract
Objective: The present study aims at evaluating the effects of psycho-education based on relaxation methods on Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG).
Materials and methods: This is a quasi-experimental study, with pretest and posttest design, which was carried out on 100 pregnant women with complaints of nausea and vomiting who had referred to general health centers to receive pregnancy care. In accordance with the specified content, women in the intervention group received 3 sessions of psycho-education based on relaxation methods for a week. Four weeks after the end of education and before the 16th week of pregnancy, data were gathered from both the intervention and control groups using the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Vomiting and Nausea (PUQEN) scale. Data were analyzed with the aid of statistical tests.
Results: There was no significant difference between the average values of HG in the intervention group and the control group prior to the intervention. However, after receiving psycho-education, the average value of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women of the intervention group (5.11 ± 1.60) was significantly lower than that in the control group (6.00 ± 1.66) (p = 0.035).
Conclusion: The psycho-education based on relaxation methods of this study had a positive and significant effect on reducing the intensity of HG. It is helpful to integrate the educational content of this intervention in the caring programs of pregnant women with nausea and vomiting.
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5. Clark SM, Dutta E, Hankins GD. The outpatient management and special considerations of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Semin Perinatol 2014; 38: 496-502.
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14. Locock L, Alexander J, Rozmovits L.Women’s responses to nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Midwifery 2008; 24: 143-52.
15. Davis M. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: an evidence-based review. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2004; 18: 312-28.
16. Faramarzi M, Yazdani S, Barat S. A RCT of psychotherapy in women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Hum Reprod 2015; 30: 2764-73.
17. Can Gurkan O, Arslan H. Effect of acupressure on nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2008; 14:46-52.
18. Charalambous A,Giannakopoulou M, Bozas E and Paikousis L. A Randomized Control Trial for the Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Guided Imagery as Anxiety Reducing Interventions in Breast and Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015; 2015: 270876.
19. Charalambous A, Giannakopoulou M, Bozas E, Marcou Y, Kitsios P, Paikousis L. Guided Imagery And Progressive Muscle Relaxation as a Cluster of Symptoms Management Intervention in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: A Randomized Control Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11: e0156911.
20. Jacobsen PB, Meade CD, Stein KD, Chirikos TN, Small BJ, Ruckdeschel JC. Efficacy and Costs of Two Forms of Stress Management Training for Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 2851-62.
21. Yoo HJ, Ahn SH, Kim SB, Kim WK, Han OS. Efficacy of progressive muscle relaxation training and guided imagery in reducing chemotherapy side effects in patients with breast cancer and in improving their quality of life. Support Care Cancer 2005; 13: 826-33.
22. Molassiotis A. A pilot study of the use of progressive muscle relaxation training in the management of post-chemotherapy nausea and vomiting. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2000; 9: 230-4.
23. Kuo SH, Wang RH, Tseng HC, Jian SY, Chou FH. A Comparison of Different Severities of Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy Relative to Stress, Social Support, and Maternal Adaptation. J Midwifery Womens Health 2007; 52: e1-7.
24. Koren G, Boskovic R, Hard M, Maltepe C, Navioz Y, Einarson A. Motherisk—PUQE (pregnancy-unique quantification of vomiting and nausea) scoring system for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 186: S228-31.
25. Ebrahimi N, Maltepe C, Bournissen FG, Koren G. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: using the 24-hour Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Vomiting (PUQE-24) scale. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2009; 31: 803-7.
26. Nakamura Y. Nursing intervention to enhance acceptance of pregnancy in first-time mothers: Focusing on the comfortable experiences of pregnant women. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2010; 7: 29-36.
27. Baghdari N, SadeghiSahebzad E, Kheirkhah M, Azmoude E.The Effects of Pregnancy-Adaptation Training on Maternal-Fetal Attachment and Adaptation in PregnantWomen With a History of Baby Loss . Nurs Midwifery Stud 2016; 5: e28949.
28. Nasiri S, Akbari H, Tagharrobi L, Tabatabaee AS. The effect of progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery on stress, anxiety, and depression of pregnant women referred to health centers. J Educ Health Promot 2018; 7: 41.
29. Jallo N, Salyer J, Ruiz RJ, French E. Perceptions of guided imagery for stress management in pregnant African American women. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2015; 29: 249-54.
2. Isbir GG, Mete S. Experiences with nausea and vomiting during pregnancy in Turkish women based on Roy's adaptation model: a content analysis. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2013; 7: 175-81.
3. Khresheh R. How women manage nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: a Jordanian study. Midwifery 2011; 27: 42-5.
4. Yilmaz E, Yilmaz Z, Cakmak B, Karsli MF, Gultekin IB, Dogan NG, et al. Nausea and Vomiting in Early Pregnancy of Adolescents: Relationship with Depressive Symptoms. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2016; 29: 65-8.
5. Clark SM, Dutta E, Hankins GD. The outpatient management and special considerations of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Semin Perinatol 2014; 38: 496-502.
6. ISbir GG, Mete S. Nursing Care of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy: Roy Adaptation Model. Nurs Sci Q 2010; 23: 148-55.
7. Soltani, M. Danesh Kajuri, SH. Safavi, F. Hosseini. Frequency and Severity of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy and the Related Factors among Pregnant Women. Iran Journal of Nursing 2007; 19: 95-102. [In Persian].
8. ISbir GG, Mete S. The effect of counselling on nausea and vomiting in pregnancy in Turkey. Sex Reprod Healthc 2016; 7: 38-45.
9. Nikibakhsh A, Neisani samani L, Keshavarz M, Hoseini F. Incidence and Severity of Nausea and Vomiting during Pregnancy and its Association with Anxiety and Depression in Pregnant Women. Iran Journal of Nursing 2016; 29: 1-11. [In Persian]
10. Andersson L, Sundström-Poromaa I, Wulff M, Åström M, Bixo M. Implications of antenatal depression and anxiety for obstetric outcome. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 104: 467-76.
11. Zinbarg RE, Uliaszek AA, Adler JM. The role of personality in psychotherapy for anxiety and depression. J Pers 2008; 76: 1649-88.
12. Köken G, Yilmazer M, Cosar E, Sahin FK, Cevrioglu S, Gecici˙ Ö. Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: relationship with anxiety and depression. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2008; 29: 91-5.
13. Tan PC, Vani S, Lim BK, Omar SZ. Anxiety and depression in hypervomiting gravidarum: prevalence, risk factors and correlation with clinical severity. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 149: 153-8.
14. Locock L, Alexander J, Rozmovits L.Women’s responses to nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Midwifery 2008; 24: 143-52.
15. Davis M. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: an evidence-based review. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2004; 18: 312-28.
16. Faramarzi M, Yazdani S, Barat S. A RCT of psychotherapy in women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Hum Reprod 2015; 30: 2764-73.
17. Can Gurkan O, Arslan H. Effect of acupressure on nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2008; 14:46-52.
18. Charalambous A,Giannakopoulou M, Bozas E and Paikousis L. A Randomized Control Trial for the Effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Guided Imagery as Anxiety Reducing Interventions in Breast and Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015; 2015: 270876.
19. Charalambous A, Giannakopoulou M, Bozas E, Marcou Y, Kitsios P, Paikousis L. Guided Imagery And Progressive Muscle Relaxation as a Cluster of Symptoms Management Intervention in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: A Randomized Control Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11: e0156911.
20. Jacobsen PB, Meade CD, Stein KD, Chirikos TN, Small BJ, Ruckdeschel JC. Efficacy and Costs of Two Forms of Stress Management Training for Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 2851-62.
21. Yoo HJ, Ahn SH, Kim SB, Kim WK, Han OS. Efficacy of progressive muscle relaxation training and guided imagery in reducing chemotherapy side effects in patients with breast cancer and in improving their quality of life. Support Care Cancer 2005; 13: 826-33.
22. Molassiotis A. A pilot study of the use of progressive muscle relaxation training in the management of post-chemotherapy nausea and vomiting. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2000; 9: 230-4.
23. Kuo SH, Wang RH, Tseng HC, Jian SY, Chou FH. A Comparison of Different Severities of Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy Relative to Stress, Social Support, and Maternal Adaptation. J Midwifery Womens Health 2007; 52: e1-7.
24. Koren G, Boskovic R, Hard M, Maltepe C, Navioz Y, Einarson A. Motherisk—PUQE (pregnancy-unique quantification of vomiting and nausea) scoring system for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 186: S228-31.
25. Ebrahimi N, Maltepe C, Bournissen FG, Koren G. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: using the 24-hour Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Vomiting (PUQE-24) scale. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2009; 31: 803-7.
26. Nakamura Y. Nursing intervention to enhance acceptance of pregnancy in first-time mothers: Focusing on the comfortable experiences of pregnant women. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2010; 7: 29-36.
27. Baghdari N, SadeghiSahebzad E, Kheirkhah M, Azmoude E.The Effects of Pregnancy-Adaptation Training on Maternal-Fetal Attachment and Adaptation in PregnantWomen With a History of Baby Loss . Nurs Midwifery Stud 2016; 5: e28949.
28. Nasiri S, Akbari H, Tagharrobi L, Tabatabaee AS. The effect of progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery on stress, anxiety, and depression of pregnant women referred to health centers. J Educ Health Promot 2018; 7: 41.
29. Jallo N, Salyer J, Ruiz RJ, French E. Perceptions of guided imagery for stress management in pregnant African American women. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2015; 29: 249-54.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 13, No 1 (March 2019) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jfrh.v13i1.1612 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Pregnancy Nausea Vomiting Relaxation Psycho-Education Women | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Shakiba M, Parsi H, Pahlavani Shikhi Z, Navidian A. The Effect of Psycho-Education Intervention Based on Relaxation Methods and Guided Imagery on Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnant Women. J Family Reprod Health. 2019;13(1):47-55.
