Predictors of Preeclampsia Based on a 10-Year Case-Control Study
-
Arezoo Shayan
,
Hadis Sourinezhad
,
Mansoureh Refaei
,
Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi
,
Leili Tapak
,
Farzaneh Soltani
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the predictors of preeclampsia based on a 10-years case-control study.
Materials and methods: The present retrospective, case-control study was carried out in a referral Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, during 2005-2015. Using a hospital information system (HIS), all the available information on hospitalized preeclamptic patients during 10-years period was collected and all preeclamptic women were qualified for the study as the case group (729 subjects) and the same number of non-preeclamptic women were assigned to the control group. The required data were collected using the researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, independent t-test and logistic regression.
Results: The results show that high age (OR = 1.04), low education (diploma compared to illiterate OR = 0.51 and middle school education compared to illiterate OR = 0.55), blood group O (AB: OR = 0.32; B: OR = 0.36; A: OR = 0.26) and fertilization during autumn (spring: OR = 0.41; summer: OR = 0.26; autumn: OR = 1.13) could raise the risk of preeclampsia.
Conclusion: High age, low education, blood group O and fertilization in cold seasons could be the risk factors of preeclampsia. Recognizing the risk factors of preeclampsia could help the determination of high risk cases and designing of effective interventions.
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2. Direkvand-Moghadam A, Khosravi A, Sayehmiri K. Predictive factors for preeclampsia in pregnantwomen: aunvariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Acta Biochim Pol 2012; 59: 673-7.
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11. Subramaniam V. Seasonal variation in the incidence of preeclampsia and eclampsia in tropical climatic conditions. BMC Womens Health 2007; 7:18.
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13. Harlap S, Davies AM. Letter: Maternal blood group A and pre-eclampsia. Br Med J 1974; 3:171-2.
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17. Alpoim PN, de Barros Pinheiro M, Junqueira DR, Freitas LG, das Graças Carvalho M, Fernandes AP, et al. Preeclampsia and ABO blood groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:2253–61.
18. Avci D, Karagoz H, Ozer O, Esmeray K, Bulut K, Aykas F, et al. Are the blood groups of women with preeclampsia a risk factor for the development of hypertension postpartum? Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:617–22.
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20. Bilano VL, Ota E, Ganchimeg T, Mori R, Souza JP. Risk factors of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and its adverse outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a WHO secondary analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91198.
21. Kiondo P, Wamuyu-Maina G, Bimenya GS, Tumwesigye NM, Wandabwa J, Okong P. Risk factors for pre-eclampsia in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Trop Med Int Health 2012; 17:480-7.
22. Lotfalizadeh M,Khoshsima M. Relationship between maternal age and season with preeclampsia in the patients admitted in gynecology ward of Imam-Reza hospital during 3 years(2001-2004).The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2016; 19:1-5.
23. Wellington K, MullaZd. Seasonal Trend in the Occurrence of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia in Texas. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:115-9.
24. Shental O, Friger M, Sheiner E. Ethnic differences in the monthly variation of preeclampsia among Bedouin and Jewish parturients in the Negev. Hypertens Pregnancy 2010; 29:342-9.
25. Baker AM, Haeri S, Camargo CA Jr, Espinola JA, Stuebe AM. A nested case-control study of midgestation vitamin D deficiency and risk of severe preeclampsia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:5105–9.
26. Rylander A, Lindqvist PG. Eclampsia is more prevalent during the winter season in Sweden. Acta obstet Gynecol Scand 2011; 90:114-7.
27. Shiozaki A, Matsuda Y, Satoh S, Saito S. Comparison of risk factors for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia in Japanese singleton pregnancies. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2013; 39:492-9.
28. Tam WH, Sahota DS, Lau TK, Li CY, Fung TY. Seasonal variation in pre-eclamptic rate and its association with the ambient temperature and humidity in early pregnancy. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2008; 66:22-6.
29. Zahirisoroori Z, shahrami H, Faraji R. Seasonal variation of the onset of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Journal of Research Medicine Science 2007; 12:198-202.
30. Subramaniam V. Seasonal variation in the incidence of preeclampsia and eclampsia in tropical climatic conditions. BMC Women's Health 2007; 7:18-25.
31. Elmugabil A, Rayis DA, Ahmed MA, Adam I, Gasim GI. O Blood Group as Risk Factor for Preeclampsia among Sudanese Women. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2016; 4:603-6.
32. Higgins JR, Walshe JJ, Darling MR, Norris L, Bonnar J. Hemostasis in the uteroplacental and peripheral circulations in normotensive and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179:520–6.
33. Hiltunen LM, Laivuori H, Rautanen A, Kaaja R, Kere J, Krusius T, et al. Blood group AB and factor V Leiden as risk factors for pre-eclampsia: a population-based nested case-control study. Thromb Res 2009; 124:167–73.
2. Direkvand-Moghadam A, Khosravi A, Sayehmiri K. Predictive factors for preeclampsia in pregnantwomen: aunvariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Acta Biochim Pol 2012; 59: 673-7.
3. Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L, Gülmezoglu AM, Van Look PF. WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review. Lancet 2006; 367:1066-74.
4. Kharaghani R, Cheraghi Z, Okhovat Esfahani B, Mohammadian Z, Nooreldinc RS .Prevalence of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia in Iran. Arch Iran Med 2016; 19:64-71.
5. Shojaeian Z, Sadeghian HR, Negahban Z. Prediction value of hemoglobin and hematocrit concentration during second trimester in diagnosis of preeclampsia. Iranian Journal of obstetrics, gynecology and infertility 2009; 12: 14-21.
6. Okafor UV, Ezegwui HU. Cesarean delivery in preeclampsia and seasonal variation in a tropical rainforest belt. J Postgrad Med 2010; 56:21-3.
7. Magnus P, Eskild A. Seasonal variation in the occurrence of pre-eclampsia. BJOG 2001; 108:1116-9.
8. Chesley LC. History and epidemiology of preeclampsia-eclampsia. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1984; 27:801-20.
9. Phillips JK , Bernstein IM, Mongeon JA, Badger GJ . Seasonal variation in preeclampsia based on timing of conception. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 104:1015-20.
10. Hannan MA, Rahman MM, Haque A, Ahmed HU. Seasonal variation and association with hypertension. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2001; 27: 69-78.
11. Subramaniam V. Seasonal variation in the incidence of preeclampsia and eclampsia in tropical climatic conditions. BMC Womens Health 2007; 7:18.
12. Shahidfar S,Sharifnia H,Taghipoor B,Afshar MH . Association between seasonal patterns and preeclampsia. Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology Infertility 2014; 17:8-14.
13. Harlap S, Davies AM. Letter: Maternal blood group A and pre-eclampsia. Br Med J 1974; 3:171-2.
14. May D. Maternal blood group A and pre-eclampsia. Br Med J 1973; 4:738.
15. Hentschke MR,Caruso FB, Paula LG,Medeiros AK,Gadonski G,Antonello I C, et al. Pinheiroda Costa. Distribution of ABO and rhesus blood groups in patients with pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2012; 2:268–9.
16. Hentschke MR, Caruso FB, Paula LG, Medeiros AK, Gadonski G, Antonello IC, et al . Is there any relationship between ABO/Rh blood group and patients with pre-eclampsia? Pregnancy Hypertens 2014; 4:170–3.
17. Alpoim PN, de Barros Pinheiro M, Junqueira DR, Freitas LG, das Graças Carvalho M, Fernandes AP, et al. Preeclampsia and ABO blood groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:2253–61.
18. Avci D, Karagoz H, Ozer O, Esmeray K, Bulut K, Aykas F, et al. Are the blood groups of women with preeclampsia a risk factor for the development of hypertension postpartum? Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:617–22.
19. Berek JS, Novak E. Berek and Novak's Gynecology: 15th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012.
20. Bilano VL, Ota E, Ganchimeg T, Mori R, Souza JP. Risk factors of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and its adverse outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a WHO secondary analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91198.
21. Kiondo P, Wamuyu-Maina G, Bimenya GS, Tumwesigye NM, Wandabwa J, Okong P. Risk factors for pre-eclampsia in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Trop Med Int Health 2012; 17:480-7.
22. Lotfalizadeh M,Khoshsima M. Relationship between maternal age and season with preeclampsia in the patients admitted in gynecology ward of Imam-Reza hospital during 3 years(2001-2004).The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2016; 19:1-5.
23. Wellington K, MullaZd. Seasonal Trend in the Occurrence of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia in Texas. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:115-9.
24. Shental O, Friger M, Sheiner E. Ethnic differences in the monthly variation of preeclampsia among Bedouin and Jewish parturients in the Negev. Hypertens Pregnancy 2010; 29:342-9.
25. Baker AM, Haeri S, Camargo CA Jr, Espinola JA, Stuebe AM. A nested case-control study of midgestation vitamin D deficiency and risk of severe preeclampsia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:5105–9.
26. Rylander A, Lindqvist PG. Eclampsia is more prevalent during the winter season in Sweden. Acta obstet Gynecol Scand 2011; 90:114-7.
27. Shiozaki A, Matsuda Y, Satoh S, Saito S. Comparison of risk factors for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia in Japanese singleton pregnancies. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2013; 39:492-9.
28. Tam WH, Sahota DS, Lau TK, Li CY, Fung TY. Seasonal variation in pre-eclamptic rate and its association with the ambient temperature and humidity in early pregnancy. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2008; 66:22-6.
29. Zahirisoroori Z, shahrami H, Faraji R. Seasonal variation of the onset of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Journal of Research Medicine Science 2007; 12:198-202.
30. Subramaniam V. Seasonal variation in the incidence of preeclampsia and eclampsia in tropical climatic conditions. BMC Women's Health 2007; 7:18-25.
31. Elmugabil A, Rayis DA, Ahmed MA, Adam I, Gasim GI. O Blood Group as Risk Factor for Preeclampsia among Sudanese Women. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2016; 4:603-6.
32. Higgins JR, Walshe JJ, Darling MR, Norris L, Bonnar J. Hemostasis in the uteroplacental and peripheral circulations in normotensive and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179:520–6.
33. Hiltunen LM, Laivuori H, Rautanen A, Kaaja R, Kere J, Krusius T, et al. Blood group AB and factor V Leiden as risk factors for pre-eclampsia: a population-based nested case-control study. Thromb Res 2009; 124:167–73.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 13, No 1 (March 2019) | |
| Section | Original Articles | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jfrh.v13i1.1608 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Preeclampsia Prediction Seasonal Changes Blood Group | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Shayan A, Sourinezhad H, Refaei M, Masoumi SZ, Tapak L, Soltani F. Predictors of Preeclampsia Based on a 10-Year Case-Control Study. J Family Reprod Health. 2019;13(1):14-20.
