Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 16 2 2022 05 24 93 101 Hadi Tehfe Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada Ryan Chow Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada Sophie Li Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada Patrick Kim Faculty of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Saif Samari Faculty of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Lamia Hayawi Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada Richard Webster Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada Nadya Ben Fadel Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada 2021 07 27 2022 04 03 Objective: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a very prevalent condition that affects premenopausal women and can result in monthly debilitating emotional and physical symptoms. The objective of this systematic review was to determine which predictive factors were associated with an increased amount of bias in non-randomized studies (NRSs) of PMS. Materials and methods: A search of the EMBASE and Medline electronic databases was completed from January 1, 2010 to December 2021. The methodological quality of the included studies was independently evaluated and critically appraised using the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-1) tool. Associations of different factors with the risk of bias levels were assessed using a univariate logistic regression. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. Results: Of the 1668 studies, 38 were determined to be eligible for inclusion. The ROBINS-1 tool identified that 12 studies were of low/moderate risk of bias (31.6%) and 26 were of serious/critical risk (68.4%). Evidence of relationships between the ROBINS-1 score and impact factor (OR=0.20; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.57; p= 0.003) and number of authors (OR=0.65; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.99; p= 0.046) were identified, whereas no relationships were found with the number of citations, the sample size, the funding type, or the conflict-of-interest statement. Conclusion: The systematic review concludes that the methodological rigor of non-randomized studies of PMS can vary, with fewer authors and a lower impact factor showing evidence of association with a decreased quality of evidence. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1865

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 16 2 2022 05 24 106 115 Zohreh Halvaiepour Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Hamid Reza Oreyzi Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Mehdi Nosratabadi Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Fariba Yazdkhasti Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran 2021 11 29 2022 01 23 Objective: Psychological perceptions are concerned with how a person perceives and psychologically frames life with an illness. The current study sought to examine the psychological perceptions of women suffering from Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder in the setting of Isfahan, Iran. Materials and methods: The study was done according a qualitative design, and it was conducted in Isfahan, Iran, from July 2018 to February 2019. Twenty in-depth interviews were performed with 20 patients who were recruited on the purposeful method. The thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data. The data were organized using MAXQDA software (version 12). Results: The following four themes were extracted: (i) Dysfunctional cognition, which includes five sub-themes: attention bias, belief bias, memory bias, perceptual bias, and cognitive distortion; and (ii) Relationship and partner factors, which include four sub-themes: psychological maltreatment, aggression, deception, and betrayal.; (iii) lack of life skills, which includes four sub-themes: poor problem-solving, poor sexual knowledge, poor understanding and intimate relationships, and immature defense mechanisms; and (iv) lack of motivation and genuine interest, which includes two sub-themes: forced marriage and lack of initial affection and attraction to the husband. Conclusion: Internal and interpersonal factors were shown to have a role in the creation of sexual arousal disorder in Iranian women, according to the study. As a result, designing scenarios for cognitive bias modification and educational programs for improving interpersonal skills would be beneficial. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1962

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 16 2 2022 05 24 155 160 EN Ruchi Nagpal Department of Pathology, Bhaskar Medical College and General Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Hari Vanam Department of Microbiology, Bhaskar Medical College and General Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Harshi Dhingra Department of Pathology, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India Ravali Banswada Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bhaskar Medical College and General Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India 2021 11 01 2022 01 23 Objective: Surgical site infections (SSIs) owing to nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) have emerged as an important cause of hospital-acquired SSI leading to great morbidity and mortality. Among NTM, Mycobacterium abscessus is reported in these sites. Epidemiology and transmission of M. abscessus in humans is noticing crux changes. Case report: We hereby describe a case of SSI after lower segment cesarean section (LSCS), presenting as a skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) owing to a NTM. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of infections caused by M. abscessus in patients who develop SSIs, particularly if they do not respond to conventional first-line antimicrobial therapy. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1927

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 16 2 2022 05 24 1960 1960 Pathum Sookaromdee Private Academic Consultant, Bangkok Thailand Viroj Wiwanitkit Honorary Professor, Dr DY Patil University, Pune, India 2021 11 26 2022 02 01 No Abstract No Abstract No Abstract No Abstract No Abstract https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1960

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 16 2 2022 05 24 102 105 EN Gary Ventolini Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA Kushal Gandhi Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA Nathan Manales Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA John Garza Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA AND The University of Texas Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA Asley Sanchez Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA Brianna Martinez Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA 2021 11 29 2022 04 09 In women’s health, clinicians are often faced with diagnosing and administering treatment to patients who present with an increased vaginal discharge without much other information to work with. It’s only once a patient’s background is reviewed and lab work is completed that two common reasons behind vaginal discharge with similar symptoms, Lactobacillosis and Cytolytic Vaginitis, can be differentiated and a proper diagnosis can be reached. Now, we understand that Lactobacillosis and Cytolytic Vaginitis are symptomatically confused by patients as well as inexperienced clinicians. Lactobacillosis involves the presence of abnormal, extremely long Lactobacilli, a keystone species for vaginal health, while Cytolytic Vaginitis mainly involves, increased Lactobacilli, pH between 3.5 and 4.5, presence of cytolysis, and a lowered white blood cell count. Both present with similar discharge, leading to their conflation. A microscopic examination of the discharge using a wet mount with normal saline can provide 80% diagnostic sensitivity until further testing can be completed. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1964

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 16 2 2022 05 24 116 123 Sepideh Peivandi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Alireza Razavi Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Shervin Shafiei Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Marzieh Zamaniyan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Asma Orafaie General Practitioner, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Hamed Jafarpour Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2021 07 05 2022 04 03 Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected the continuation of all non-emergency medical treatment and patients potentially suffer from restrictions including patients under infertility treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of infertile couples about continuing assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) therapy during the COVID-19 outbreak, in Sari, Iran. Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective longitudinal investigation on potential infertile couples for treatment with ARTs referred to our infertility clinic from March 2020 to June 2020. Ninety-two patients were studied voluntarily and anonymously in this study. A self-developed structured questionnaire was used to assess the attitude towards continuing infertility treatment. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Thirty-two patients (33.33%) had decreased motivation to continue treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fear of transmission to the fetus (28.13%) had the highest frequency among the causes of decreased motivation to continue treatment (P-value = 0.011). Trust on the support of the treatment team (56.67%) was the most common reason for not reducing motivation in patients without decreased motivation (P <0.001). Conclusion: Despite the COVID-19 pandemy, in Iran most infertile patients tended to continue ARTs. Although many patients had passable knowledge on COVID-19, the stress of infertility and the high desire of infertile couples to have children did not deter them from continuing their therapy. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1840

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 16 2 2022 05 24 124 131 Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Akram Ghahghaei-Nezamabadi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Afsaneh Tehranian Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Development Center, Arash Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahbobeh Mesgaran Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 10 23 2022 04 03 Objective: Borderline oligohydramnios always produces a dilemma of management and counseling among obstetricians. This study was designed to compare the effect of sildenafil plus fluid therapy versus fluid therapy alone on pregnancy outcomes and AFI improvement in pregnant women complicated by idiopathic borderline oligohydramnios. Materials and methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in Arash Women’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran from 2017 to 2020.  Fifty-one pregnant women with idiopathic borderline oligohydramnios were allocated to two groups. Group 1 received fluid therapy and Group 2 received fluid therapy and Sildenafil 25 mg three times daily for six weeks. AFI was measured at the time of randomization, 24 h after treatment and then weekly for six weeks. The changes in AFI, type of delivery, gestational age at delivery, and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results: After the intervention, the change in AFI between two groups was not statistically significant. Maternal and fetal outcomes are compared between two groups and there was no significant difference between them. The median (Inter-quartile range) AFI after intervention, in Sildenafil group compared with hydration group, were in 24 hours (8.5 vs. 8, p=0.27), first (9.5 vs. 9.1, p=0.74), second (9 vs 10, p=0.12) third (10.4 vs. 9.4, p=0.33), fourth (10.8 vs 9.1, p=0.1) and Fifth week (10 vs 9.3, p=0.5) of follow-up respectively, but none of them were statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings showed that sildenafil plus fluid therapy do not improve the pregnancy outcomes in women with isolated borderline oligohydramnios compared to fluid therapy alone.   https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1945

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 16 2 2022 05 24 132 138 Batol Masruri Student Research Committee, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iraj Alimohammadi Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Abyaz Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Nargess Moghadasi Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parvaneh Yekzamani Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Baharak Mohammadzadeh Asl Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nooshin Asadmasjedi Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Azadeh Ashtarinezhad Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 11 04 2022 04 05 Objective: Environmental stressors such as physical and chemical factors can have a destructive testicular function. The present study aimed to determine the effect of concomitant exposure to lead and noise on testicular tissue in male rats. Materials and methods: Twenty male Wistar rats (250-300 g, 12-13wk) were divided into four groups (n=5/each): 1) Control group, 2) Lead group treated with 4 mg/kg lead acetate by gavage for 30 days, 3) Noise group exposed to 4 kHz octave band at 105 dBA for eight hrs./ day for 30 days, and 4) the exposed group to lead plus noise concurrently. The testes' weight was measured, and testes abnormalities were assessed after staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Results: The results showed that the weight of testes in experimental groups was significantly decreased compared with the control group (p<0.0001). Also indicated edema, degeneration and necrotic cell debris in the lumen, congestion and atrophy of seminiferous tubule in rat testes tissue due to sub-acute exposure to lead and noise. Conclusion: Exposure to 105 dB and lead can cause damage to the seminiferous tubules, intubation edema, and testicular weight loss compared to control. We also found that simultaneous exposure to noise and lead could have more detrimental effects on testicular histology and weight than others. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1948

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 16 2 2022 05 24 139 146 EN Roghieh Bayrami Patient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Samira Ebrahimi Midwifery Consultation Masters’ Degree Student, Student Research Center Affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Javad Rasouli Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, school of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Haydeh Feizipour Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 2021 12 31 2022 04 09 Objective: Secondhand smoke (SHS) during pregnancy is associated with many maternal-fetal complications. Iran has a high male smoking prevalence rate. This study aimed to determine the effect of motivational interviewing with couples on exposure to SHS at home in pregnant women referring to health centers in Urmia in 2019. Materials and methods: A randomized control trial was performed on 112 non-smoking pregnant women with smoking husbands, randomly allocated into two groups (each with 56 members). The participants were asked to specify the daily average times and duration of exposure during the last week. Five motivational interviewing sessions were held for the members of the intervention group. Each session lasted90 minutes and two sessions were held per week.  The data were collected before and four weeks after the intervention. The data were analyzed using the repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) by SPSS-20 at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Of 112 couples who were randomized, 102 (91.07%) completed the trial. There was a significant reduction in terms of the daily frequency and duration of SHS exposure of the husband one week and one month after the intervention in the intervention group. The daily frequency and duration of SHS exposure of people other than the spouse at home did not decrease over time. Conclusion: Following the results of the study, the couple-based motivational interviewing approach can be used to reduce SHS exposure in women at home. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1997

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 16 2 2022 05 24 147 154 Zahra Abbaspoor Department of Midwifery, Menopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Foruzan Sharifipour Department of Midwifery, Menopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Amir Siahposh Medical Plants Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Roghayeh Nazaralivand Romeshgan Health Network, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Zeynab Mohaghegh Midwifery Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Shahla Faal Siahkal Midwifery Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2022 01 03 2022 04 09 Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of aromatherapy with Citrus aurantium Lavender on the sexual function of postmenopausal women. Materials and methods: A randomized controlled trial with single-blind design was conducted on eighty postmenopausal women in Ahvaz, Iran from January to December 2019. The women were randomly assigned to the Citrus aurantium group (n=40) and placebo group (n=40). The intervention group received two drops of Citrus aurantium essential oil twice a day, for four consecutive days a week, for four weeks as inhalation. Similarly, placebo was received by the control group. Results: The results of this study revealed that in the intervention group, the FSFI total score and all of its dimensions were significantly improved compared to the control group. Conclusion: Aromatherapy using Citrus aurantium can be used as an alternative or complementary method for improvement of sexual function in postmenopausal women. It is recommended that the postmenopausal women suffering from sexual dysfunction be informed on the aromatherapy by Citrus aurantium essential oil. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/2001