Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 15 2 2021 06 20 74 81 Nasibeh Roozbeh Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan Universiy of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran Azam Amirian Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran Fatemeh Abdi School of Nursing and Midwifery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Simin Haghdoost Department of Midwifery, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran 2020 12 29 2021 04 20 Objective: Male infertility is involved in about half of the casess of infertility and the only sole reason for infertility in 20%-30% of the cases. Following the recent interest in the use of medicinal plants, scientists have sought to clarify their effects on male fertility. This review aimed to summarize the results of studies available to determine the effectiveness, safety and mechanism of herbal treatments in the improvement of male fertility. Materials and methods: Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central) databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published during 2000-2020. Studies were only included if they adhered to the CONSORT checklist. The methodological quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: Finally, 20 studies recruiting a total of 1519 individuals were reviewed. These studies compared the effects of eleven different medicinal plants, i.e. ginseng, saffron, Nigella sativa, palm pollen, ADOFON, TOPALAF, sesame, and Mucuna pruriens, on male fertility with those of placebo. All studies (except one) confirmed the beneficial effects of medicinal plants on the improvement of sperm and reproductive parameters and thus male infertility. Conclusion: The existing RCTs indicated the positive effects of medicinal plants on male fertility. Therefore, in order to develop a novel approach to the treatment of male infertility, further clinical trials are warranted to determine the maximum dosage and duration of treatment with herbal medicines and evaluate any potential side effects of such interventions. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1656 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/1656/556

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 15 2 2021 06 20 82 90 EN Ernest Kirui Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya Joseph Mung'atu Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya Peter Gichangi Department of Human Anatomy, College of Health Sciences University of Nairobi, Kenya Nicholas Onguto Department of Community Health, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya Davis Kamondo Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya 2020 12 26 2021 04 20 Objective: The recent increase in the uptake of injectable contraceptives has occurred at the expense of the other modern contraceptive methods but the knowledge gap still exists on modeling dynamics and determinants associated with the use of the injectable. This study sought to model for injectable contraceptive usage to bridge the knowledge gap on the use of injectable contraceptives among women of childbearing age in Kenya. Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study design was adopted. Secondary data for women collected during the (Performance Monitoring for Action) PMA2020 survey was used. PMA2020 survey used multistage stratified sampling with urban-rural representation. To establish the factors associated with the uptake of injectable contraceptives, a multiple logistic regression model was fitted using Stata version 13 and R version 3.5.3 statistical software. Hosmer-Lemeshow Test statistic was used to evaluate the goodness of model fit in predicting injectable contraceptive usage. Results: Multivariable analysis showed that women with post-primary/vocational levels of education were 54% less likely to use an injectable contraceptive compared to those who had no education at all. Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) goodness of fit test statistic indicated that the model was a good fit for prediction. Education, marital status, wealth quintile, place of residence and number of births were significant predictors of the injectable contraceptive uptake among women of reproductive age in Kenya. Conclusion: The findings of this study will inform the design of targeted interventions aimed at addressing the increasing demand for injectable devices among women of reproductive age in Kenya. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1644 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/1644/557

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 15 2 2021 06 20 125 129 Amrita Talwar Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India Pushpanjali Behera Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India Arvind Ahuja Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India Bani Sarkar Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India Ravi Phulware Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India 2020 12 01 2021 03 13 Objective: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and has the second-highest mortality rate among gynecological cancers. Adenomyosis is well-known for abnormal uterine bleeding and is a widely reported entity; however, an EC arising from the adenomyosis is a rare event; even rarer is the occurrence of serous endometrial carcinoma. Case report: A 60-year post-menopausal female presented with post-menopausal bleeding. Subsequently, she underwent a hysterectomy, which showed atrophic and cystic endometrium with extensive adenomyosis and atypical endometrial glands, which are diffusely P53 positive with intervening negative benign and focally positive dysplastic endometrial glands. A final diagnosis of serous endometrial carcinoma arising from adenomyosis was rendered. In a table format, previously reported serous endometrial carcinoma Arising cases from adenomyosis using PubMed search had been described. Conclusion: Serous endometrial carcinoma arising from adenomyosis (<20 cases reported) and has a slightly more dismal prognosis than those deriving from the endometrial cavity. Hence, this case report highlights the occurrence, rarity, and importance of such an entity. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1622 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/1622/563

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 15 2 2021 06 20 91 98 EN Maryam Dehghan Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Shirin Shahbazi Medical Genetic Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Mojdeh Salehnia Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2020 12 31 2021 04 20 Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) supplementation during in vitro culture and transplantation of mouse ovaries on the follicular development and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as an angiogenesis factor at the mRNA and protein levels. Materials and methods: Three weeks old mice ovaries were cultured in the presence and absence of LPA for 24 hours, then they were capsulated in sodium alginate in the presence and absence of LPA as four experimental groups. After transplantation the vaginal smears were performed daily to evaluate the initiation of the estrous cycle. The morphology and follicular distribution were analyzed at the first and fourth estrous cycles using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Then in the groups that showed higher and lower follicular development the immunohistochemistry assay was conducted to identify VEGF protein expression, and the real time RT-PCR was done to analyze the expression of Vegf gene at the first estrus cycle. Results: The large size follicles and also the corpus luteum were prominent in all transplanted groups at fourth estrus cycle in comparison with intact control groups. The statistically lowest percentage of small size follicles and the highest percentages of large size follicles were seen in LPA+/LPA- group (p<0.05). The expression ratio of Vegf to β-actin was significantly higher in this group in comparison with non-LPA treated and intact control groups (p <0.05). Conclusion: LPA as an angiogenesis factor increases the follicular development in transplanted ovaries but it causes early discharge of ovarian reserve. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1657 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/1657/558

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 15 2 2021 06 20 130 135 Laura González- Teshima School of Medicine, Valle University, Cali, Colombia César Payán-Gómez Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Rosario University, Bogotá, Colombia Wilmar Saldarriaga School of Basic Sciences, Valle University, Cali, Colombia AND School of Medicine, Valle Hospital, Valle University, Cali, Colombia 2020 11 05 2021 03 13 Objective: To evidence the need for screening fragile X syndrome (FXS) in egg donors in assisted reproduction protocols. Case report: This is the report of a boy with FXS who inherited the mutated allele from an ovule donated by the mother´s sister through an assisted reproduction protocol. Identifying premutation (PM) carriers of FXS amongst gamete donors isn’t part of the obligatory genetic analysis for donors and is only considered by most of the in vitro fertility societies and guidelines as part of the extension screening tests. Conclusion: It is cost-effective to do pre-conceptional screening for the PM or full mutation (FM) of the FMR1 gene affected in FXS in every woman undergoing assisted reproductive methods, including gamete donors even without a positive family history of intellectual disabilities. This case supports the need of rethinking the guidelines on the necessary gamete donor screening tests in assisted reproduction protocols. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1598 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/1598/564

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 15 2 2021 06 20 99 105 Ziba Mosayebi Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Setareh Sagheb Department of Neonatology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahsa Mirzendedel Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir Hossein Movahedian Bahrami Children's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 11 07 2021 04 04 Objective: Vitamin D deficiency is a major health problem in all age groups. In the present study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in neonates hospitalized in an intensive care unit (NICU) and its association with clinical neonatal outcomes. Materials and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on all neonates hospitalized in the NICU of Children's Medical Center over a period of one year (January–December 2018). Immediately on admission, a serum sample for vitamin D measurement was obtained with another routine blood sampling. Demographic and clinical data including sex, gestational age, the season of birth, serum levels of vitamin D and calcium, the causes of hospitalization, age at admission and neonatal outcomes including length of hospital stay and mortality during hospitalization were assessed. Results: One hundred neonates entered the study. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were present in 95% of neonates. There was a significant association between vitamin D status and birth during winter (p=0.014); hypocalcemia (p=0.025) and older age at NICU admission (p<0.001). The mean value of vitamin D in term neonates was significantly lower than in preterm neonates (p=0.031). There were no correlations between length of hospital stay and neonatal mortality rate with vitamin D status (p=0.876). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were highly prevalent among NICU patients. Maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy may prevent or reduce the risk of low levels of vitamin D in neonates. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1600 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/1600/559

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 15 2 2021 06 20 136 140 Lajya Goyal Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India Priyanka Garg Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India Manmeet Kaur Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India Diksha Sharma Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab, India 2021 01 13 2021 05 01 Objective: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) of the vulva is an uncommon soft tissue tumor with fewer than 60 cases reported previously. Distant metastasis is rare with a high propensity for local invasion. Surgical management is the gold standard with adequate margin excision to prevent future recurrences. We report a case of vulvar DFSP requiring three resections to achieve primary clearance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report from India. Case report: A 35-years-old female, presented with nodular vulvar mass for the third time arising from the upper part of right labia majora for the last year. She had a history of two similar episodes in the paor reinforcement. The data was analysed using two-way repeated measures mixed ANOVA (within group and between groups). Results: Findings revealed that most of the pregnant women in both experimental (68.5%) and control (90.2%) group had high level of childbirth fear. Post-intervention data revealed mean of pretest, posttest 1 and posttest 2 were 73.85, 46.94 and 37.90 in experimental group and the mean of pretest, posttest 1 and posttest 2 were 75.49, 72.59 and 72.67 in control group respectively and found that there is significant difference in childbirth fear (within group, F value=114.69, p<0.001 in experimental group and F =0.575, p=0.564 in control group) and between groups (F value= 81.52, p value <0.001). However, no significant association was found between childbirth fear and sociodemographic/clinical variables. Conclusion: The study findings revealed that Nurse led FALCI intervention was effective in reducing childbirth fear among the pregnant women and it is recommended that such intervention must be planned at all levels and implemented as routine protocol in maternity services.  https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/2484 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/2484/661

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 17 4 2023 12 01 250 254 Zohreh Karimiankakolaki Department of Health, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Sakineh Gerayllo Department of Health, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoodabad Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2023 09 23 2023 11 25 Objective: Contact with second-hand cigarette smoke includes inhalation of cigarette smoke caused by the burning of the cigarette itself and inhalation of smoke exhaled by the smoker. Wife's pregnancy can be a motivating factor to change the behavior of men who smoke. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to determine the effect of training male smokers on the effects of secondhand smoke during pregnancy on their self-efficacy. Materials and methods: The present study is an interventional type of pre-test and post-test. In this phase, random sampling was done from health centers in Isfahan, the participants were 140 smoking spouses of pregnant women, who referred to health centers to receive pregnancy care, and were divided into two intervention and control groups. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire on men's self-efficacy regarding second-hand cigarette smoke. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on the opinion of the expert panel with content validity ratio (CVR)=0.87 and content validity index (CVI)=0.88, and its reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha=0.97. All data were analyzed with SPSS18 software and Chi-score, Fisher, t-test. Results: There was no significant difference between the comparison of demographic variables in the intervention and control groups (p>0.05). The results of the paired t-test to compare before and after the training showed that the average score of self-efficacy (p<0.001) in the intervention group had increased significantly after the training, and according to the independent t-test, the average score of self-efficacy After training, it was more in the intervention group than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Men's self-efficacy regarding second-hand smoke increased after training, so the current training package is effective in training and can be suggested for future studies.   https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/2485 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/2485/662

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 17 4 2023 12 01 255 263 Maryam Aghaei Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Maryam Kianpour Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Reproductive Sciences and Sexual Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan,Iran Farahnaz Mardanian Reproductive Sciences and Sexual Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Farnoosh Farahbod Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Fariba Fahami Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Reproductive Sciences and Sexual Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mehdi Ghahremantermeh Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2023 10 21 2023 11 25 Objective: In vitro and in vivo researches have shown that silver nanoparticles have more antimicrobial properties with a lower concentration than antifungal agents against candida vaginitis. Therefore, this study evaluated the therapeutic effect of silver nanoparticles (Nivasha spray15ppm) compared to clotrimazole 1% vaginal cream on candida vaginitis. Materials and methods: In this clinical trial study, 110 women with confirmed candida vaginitis randomly were divided into test (n=58) and control (n=52) groups. Silver nanoparticles spray with an applicator (Nivasha 15 ppm), and clotrimazole 1% were administered to test and control groups, respectively. Then, within ten days, post-intervention checkup and patient self-reported for treatment results were recorded in checklists and the data were analyzed statistically. Results: The improvement rate in test group (98.0%) was 1.44 times higher than in control (67.9%). Moreover, disease symptoms after the intervention (including unusual secretions, itching and burning, redness) in test group were significantly less than in the control, but there was no significant difference in the ratio of edema in two groups) p=0.071(. Furthermore, the average recovery time (days) of all symptoms in test group was lower than control (p<0.05). Finally, the rate of patients' satisfaction with the treatment process in the test group (76.9%) was more than control (46.6%) (p=0.004). Conclusion: Nivasha spray had more effectiveness compared to the clotrimazole 1%. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative drug in the treatment of Candida vaginitis. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/2507 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/2507/663

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 17 4 2023 12 01 264 268 EN Maliheh Arab Department of Gynecology Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Azadeh Jafari Ashtiani Department of Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nafiseh Faghih Department of Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behnaz Ghavami Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behnaz Nouri Department of Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahla Noori Ardabili Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Atieh Hospital, Tehran, Iran 2023 10 21 2023 11 25 Objective: Malignant transformation in dermoid cysts is rare, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the most common form. This event often occurs in large tumors and middle-aged women. Case report: In this study, two cases are presented. They were menopause, and abdominal pain and adnexal mass was a common manifestation in both. Case 1 with adenocarcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma had abnormal tumor markers and was diagnosed with a frozen section during surgery, but case 2 with SCC transformation had normal tumor markers, and the frozen section was not helpful in the first surgery. Both underwent complete staging surgery, and due to stage IC1 in case 1, she received chemotherapy, and in case 2, no adjuvant treatment was needed because of stage IA. Conclusion: Considering the rarity of malignant transformation in the dermoid cyst, the best surgical approach and adjuvant therapy indications need further research https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/2509 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/2509/664

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 17 4 2023 12 01