Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 13 4 2019 12 02 176 180 Linda Larsson Department of Paediatrics, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Helsingborg Hospital, Lund University, Sweden Mona Landin-Olsson Department of Endocrinology, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden Charlotta Nilsson Department of Paediatrics, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Helsingborg Hospital, Lund University, Sweden 2019 08 15 2020 01 14 Objective: More and more young obese women get pregnant after undergoing gastric bypass surgery (GBP) but little is known about weight development in their offspring. The first aim of this study was to investigate weight development of children whose mothers have undergone GBP before pregnancy and compare them to age specific reference values in Sweden. Second aim was to study the frequency of small for gestational age (SGA) in this population. Materials and methods: Weight of offspring (38 male and 28 female) where the mother had undergone GBP before pregnancy were studied from birth up to 18 months of age and compared to age-specific reference values in Sweden. Results: The boys to mothers who had undergone GBP before pregnancy weighed more than Swedish reference values at 6 months, 8.44 ± 1.18 kilogram (kg) (n = 35) vs. 7.98 ± 0.81 kg (n = 1388; p = 0.001), and less at 18 months, 11.54 ± 0.93 kg (n = 19) vs. 12.27 ± 1.19 kg (n = 862; p < 0.001). The girls to mothers who had undergone GBP before pregnancy weighed more than Swedish reference values at 6 months, 7.84 ± 1.00 kg (n = 28) vs. 7.50 ± 0.77 kg (n = 1375; p = 0.020). Frequency of SGA was 3.0%. Conclusion: No clear pattern was found concerning the short-term weight development of the children. However, studies with larger material and more follow up time must be performed. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1200 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/1200/498

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 13 4 2019 12 02 220 222 Patsouras Grigorios Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Tzaneio Hospital”, Athens, Greece George Maroudias Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Tzaneio Hospital”, Athens, Greece Saloum Ioannis Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Attikon Hospital", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece Patsouras Konstantinos Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Attikon Hospital", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece 2019 04 20 2019 12 04 Jarcho-Levin Syndrome was first defined in 1938 by Saul Jarcho and Paul Levin. In the medical literature Jarcho-Levin Syndrome has a variety of synonyms such as Spondylocostal dysplasia/Dysostosis, Spondylocostal Dysostosis (SCD), Spondylothoracic dysplasia/Dysostosis and costovertebral dysplasia. For years the SCD and a similar disorder, spondylothoracic dysplasia, were considered the same disorder and referred as Jarcho-Levin Syndrome. Today we know that these two disorders are different clinical entities with different causes and that the term Jarcho-Levin Syndrome should be reserved for individuals with Spondylocostal dysplasia. Affected individuals with SCD have various abnormalities in the development of the spine and ribs. Due to these abnormalities they are more prone to develop thoracic insufficiency syndrome which may eventually lead to early neonatal death. In the current case report we describe two consecutive cases with SCD in the same family. In the case of a strong clinical suspicion from the findings of the ultrasound scan we should proceed to a molecular genetic diagnosis of a mutation in DLL3, MESP2, LFNG and HES7 gene by sequencing the entire coding area of the fetal Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1122 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/1122/505

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 13 4 2019 12 02 181 190 Akram Ahangarpour Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Ali Akbar Oroojan Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Student Research Committee Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran AND Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Soheila Alboghobeish Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Student Research Committee Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Layasadat Khorsandi Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Mitra Moradi Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2019 06 11 2019 12 31 Objective: Obesity is associated with reproductive disorders. Arsenic disrupts male reproduction by direct effects on the male gonads or androgens secretion. So, the present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of chronic concomitant administration of high-fat diet (HF) and arsenic on the reproductive system of the male mouse. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 72 adult male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: low-fat diet (LF0), LF+arsenic 25 ppm, LF+arsenic 50ppm, HF0, HF+arsenic 25 ppm and, HF+arsenic 50 ppm. 24 hours after the last experimental day, plasma samples, the cauda of epididymis and testis were prepared and removed for hormonal, sperm count and histopathological assessments. Results: Testis weight and volume increased in HF0 than other groups except for LF0. Plasma LH and testosterone levels decreased in LF50, HF0, HF25, and HF50 compared to LF0. A similar effect was observed in plasma FSH levels of HF0, HF25 and HF50 groups compared with LF0. Plasma level of estradiol increased in LF50 versus to other groups. Testosterone to estradiol ratio and sperm count decreased in all groups compared to LF0. Reduced interstitial cells and large numbers of vacuoles were observed in germinal epithelium of HF0 group, that these changes were more intense in both concentrations of arsenic-treated mice. Conclusion: Present study indicated that chronic exposure to HF and arsenic-induced hypogonadotropic hypogonadism concomitant with sperm count reduction and testicular damage. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1156 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/1156/499

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 13 4 2019 12 02 223 227 Monika Anant Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AIIMS Patna, Patna, India Anita Paswan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AIIMS Patna, Patna, India Chandra Jyoti Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AIIMS Patna, Patna, India 2019 05 21 2019 12 28 Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a potentially life threatening ectopic pregnancy where a missed diagnosis is commoner than an accurate diagnosis. Incidence of Ectopic pregnancy is 1 – 2 % and cesarean scar ectopic occurs in about (0.05%) 1 in 2000 of all pregnancies. With increasing cesarean section rates worldwide, CSP is bound to increase with its dreaded complications like uterine rupture and catastrophic hemorrhage. Three patients misdiagnosed as incomplete miscarriages in post cesarean pregnancies in other centers were found to be CSP in Gynaecology department of a tertiary level hospital. All three patients were managed successfully, two surgically and one medically.   https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1143 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/1143/504

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 13 4 2019 12 02 191 200 Bestari Tyas Midwifery Student, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Pudji Lestari Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Muhammad Ilham Aldika Akbar Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia AND Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia 2019 05 20 2019 12 24 Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of advanced maternal age (>35 years old) in maternal and perinatal outcomes of preeclampsia women. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study involved all women who were diagnosed with preeclampsia at Universitas Airlangga Hospital (Surabaya, Indonesia) between January 2016 until May 2017. The participant was divided into two groups based on maternal ages: the first group was women older than 35 years old (advanced maternal age - AMA), and the other group was 20-34 years old (reproductive age - RA). The primary outcomes of this study were the maternal and perinatal outcome. Results: There were a total of 43 AMA preeclampsia women and 105 RA preeclampsia women. The AMA preeclampsia group had a higher proportion of poor maternal outcome (the occurence of any complication: pulmonary edema, HELLP syndrome, visual impairment, post partum hemorrhage, and eclampsia) compared to RA preeclampsia group (60,5% vs 33,3%, p = 0,002; OR 3,059, CI 1,469-6,371). There was no significant difference in the other maternal complications such as HELLP syndrome, pulmonary oedema, and eclampsia. The only difference was the occurrence of postpartum haemorrhage which was higher in the AMA group (16,3% vs 4,8%, p = 0,02; OR 3,889, CI 1,161-13,031). The prevalence of cesarean delivery was more common in AMA group (53,3% vs 28,6%, p = 0,004; OR 2.825, CI 1.380-5.988). The AMA preeclampsia women also had poorer perinatal outcomes compared to the RA group (81,4% vs 59%, p = 0,009; OR 3.034 CI 1.283-7.177). AMA women had a higher risk of perinatal complication such as prematurity (OR 3.266 CI 1.269-8.406), IUGR (OR 4.474 CI 1.019-19.634), asphyxia (OR 4.263 CI 2.004-9.069), and infection (OR 2.138 CI 1.040-4.393). Conclusion: Advanced maternal age increases the risk of poorer maternal and neonatal outcomes in preeclampsia patients. The addition of advanced maternal ages in preeclampsia should raise the awareness of the health provider, tighter monitoring, complete screening and early intervention if needed to minimize the risk of complications. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1141 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/1141/500

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 13 4 2019 12 02 201 208 Farzaneh Golboni Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Amir Jalali Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Mohammadreza Dinmohammadi Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Ziba Taghizadeh Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Paricher Nouri Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Mohammas Reza Salahsoor Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2019 09 14 2019 12 28 Objective: Our study aimed to clarify of factors affecting decisions to use a surrogate mother can create broad knowledge of this concept. Materials and methods: For This qualitative research, participants were selected through snowball sampling methods out of couples with a history of using surrogacy as an alternative treatment for having a child. As well, sampling continued until data saturation was reached. Finally, 23 persons participated in study (9 couples, 5 related persons). After selecting the participants and obtaining informed consent, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted and most of them were recorded with participants’ consent. Then, all the interviews were analyzed using a conventional method. Results: Content analysis of the statements condenced to 311 codes, 13 subcategories and 5 categories including the absence of parental role, perceived norm, hope for parenting role, mental challenge, and decision to use surrogacy were extracted. Conclusion: The results indicated that numerous variables had an effect on decision-making process to use a surrogate mother, but the variable of hope for parenting role was an influential concept that not only interacted with other concepts but also caused optimism and motivation in families to decide in this respect.   https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1223 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/1223/501

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 13 4 2019 12 02 209 213 Nasrin Soufizadeh Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Fariba Farhadifar Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Saghar Tamri Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Sara Behafarid Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Karim Sharifi Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Sima Aslani Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Mobin Naqshbandi Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 03 31 2019 12 24 Objective: Having a rapid and low cost diagnostic approach in assessment of fetal wellbeing is an important goal for prenatal care process. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of rapid biophysical profile (rBPP) in comparison to biophysical profile (BPP). Materials and methods: In this study 142 pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes referred to Besat Hospital (Sanandaj, Iran) were evaluated in terms of fetal health. Age, gestational age and non-stress test (NST) data of patients were collected. The fetuses were evaluated using the standard BPP and selected rBPP methods. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted. The data were analyzed in Stata 14 software, using appropriate statistical analyses. Results: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of maternal age and gestational age of the studied subjects were 30.6 ± 6.3 and 35.6 ± 1.5 weeks, respectively. The frequency of normal cases were 126 (88.7%) in the BPP method and 121 (85.2%) in the rBPP method. The results showed that sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of rBPP in this study were 56.2%, 90.5%, 42.8% and 94.2%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 73.3%. Pearson Test showed a significant correlation between scores obtained through BPP and rBPP methods (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Considering the high profile of the sensitivity and PPV of the RBPP method compared to BPP, rBPP method has a better capacity to discriminate non-distressed fetuses from distress-exposed fetuses. It can also be used as a quick and easy method in crowded centers with limited evaluation tests, where not much skill is needed. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1099 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/1099/502

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 13 4 2019 12 02 214 219 Fatemeh Nayeri Breastfeeding Research Center, Institute of Family Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nahid Farrokhzad Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Institute of Family Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tahereh Esmaeilnia Breastfeeding Research Center, Institute of Family Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nikoo Niknafs Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Institute of Family Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein Dalili Breastfeeding Research Center, Institute of Family Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Lida Atarod Department of Pediatrics, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hasti Charousaei Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Institute of Family Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mamak Shariat Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Institute of Family Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 2020 01 07 Objective: The practice of breastfeeding is considered a blessing since its effects on health are well recognized and applies to both mothers and infants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of peer support and training on breastfeeding initiation, duration and exclusivity. Materials and methods: This community-based clinical trial, (IRCT No: 201504049568N12), was conducted during 2015 in the Municipality of Tehran 19 District. First, a total of 150 mothers with their infants from 4 to 20 months of age were asked to complete a questionnaire, which included the demographic characteristics, educational level, and the type of lactation, the initial age of infant for breastfeeding, and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Afterwards, 25 volunteer women were selected for lactation counseling. After 6 months, another sample of 116 nursing mothers in the region who had received peer counseling was selected and questioned through the previously mentioned questionnaire. Finally, the results, which were collected from the behavior of the target population before and after the intervention, were compared. Results: The results of the present study indicated that the nursing mothers who received peer counseling proved to have longer durations of breastfeeding (P-value = 0.039), and higher frequency of first hour initiation of breastfeeding (P-value = 0.003) however, the volunteer counselors were mainly housewives who had lower levels of education (P-value = 0.009) and were younger (P-value = 0.009) than those of untrained control group. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the significant effect of peer counseling on breastfeeding initiation and continuation. It is suggested that lactation training could be initiated during the prenatal period along with the conventional methods of training. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1151 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/1151/503