Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 6 4 2012 11 08 143 144 EN André Exter Institute of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands AND University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium. 2015 11 02 2015 11 02  The European Court lifted the Italian ban on pre-implantation diagnostics (PGD). As such the Court accepted PGD as a generally accepted means for medically assisted procreation, which may have consequences for other member states prohibiting PGD. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/333 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/333/324

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 6 4 2012 11 08 145 151 EN Farideh Zafari-Zangeneh Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Vali-e-Asr, Reproductive Health Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh Department of Community Medicine, Medical faculty, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran. Nasrin Abedinia Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Vali-e-Asr, Reproductive Health Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran. Fedyeh Haghollahi Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Vali-e-Asr, Reproductive Health Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran. Davoud Hezarehei Department of clinical psychology, Tarbiatmodarres University, Tehran, Iran. 2015 11 02 2015 11 02 Objective: PCOS is a multifaceted disorder with multiple potential risk factors (e.g. infertility, diabetes,cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome). PCOS affects quality of life and can worsen anxiety and depression either due to the features of PCOS or due to the diagnosis of a chronic disease. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of PCOS in a group of patients. Materials and methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 81 patients with PCOS were studied in Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran, Iran. A questionnaire with items related to stress information was used for data collection. Stress  symptoms were assessed using the Understanding Yourself standard questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, ILL, USA). Data are presented as mean ± SD or as frequency with percentages. P-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: The evaluation of psychological signs in 81 PCO patients and descriptive results showed that 8 (9.9%) had not any stress problem, 32 (39.5%) had neurotic stress, 29 (35.8%) had high level and 12 (14.8%) had extremely high level of stress. The age range of 26 years and more (P=0.023), touchy personality (P = 0.028) and acne (P = 0.015) related with high stress level. The odds of high level of anxiety in women with hirsutism was 3.1 (95%CI 1.00 to 9.59). The odds of high level of obsession in overweight patients was 3.2 (95%CI 1.12 to 9.234). The odds of high level of worrisome in patients with touchy personality was 3.4 (95%CI 1.10 to 11.19). Obsession score had a correlation with illness duration (r = -0.268, P = 0.038). Conclusion: These data showed that clinical signs of PCOS are the most closely associated with psychological distress and this  has important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of  disorders. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/334 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/334/325

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 6 4 2012 11 08 183 185 EN Atossa Mahdavi Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. SeyedHamid Hosseini-Jadda Department of Gasteroentrology, Milad Hospital, Tehran, Iran. 2015 11 02 2015 11 02 Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) refers to thrombosis of hepatic veins as well as intrahepatic or suprahepatic inferior vena cava. We present for the first time a case of possible occurrence of Budd- Chiari syndrome with the history of depot medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA) injections in a 33-yearold Iranian woman. An underlying disorder can be identified in most of patients with BCS. Many of these disorders are characterized by a hypercoagulable state, but it may occur due to other unknown pathophysiologic factors. Also, medical evaluation was performed for inflammatory, immunologic, and thrombotic disorders as well as hepatic imaging. Considering different case reports like this study may help to decrease the percentage of idiopathic cases. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/340 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/340/331

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 6 4 2012 11 08 153 158 EN Oluwapelumi Olufemi-Adeyemi Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Olajide Olubunmi-Agbede Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Olatunji Matthew-Kolawole Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Anthony Okoh Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa. 2015 11 02 2015 11 02 Objective: This study was carried out to clarify the potential health-risk and to determinant the prevalence of antenatal rubella infection in North-Central, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out among pregnant women to establish the knowledge, attitude and practices with regards to antenatal rubella infection in early pregnancy in Ilorin. A total of 92 subjects were recruited by simple random selection from the antenatal clinics of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Results: Results showed that congenitally defective eyes or ears were regarded as a greater burden to bear than a congenitally defective heart. Pregnant mothers are more likely to abort a congenitally defective fetus before term. Multigravid pregnant women are more likely to have an abortion (X 2 = 12.48, df = 4, p = 0.014), just as married pregnant women were more likely to abort a congenitally defective fetus before term (X 2 = 23.64, df = 4, p = 0.0). Conclusion: It is a general assumption that Nigeria today is majorly rural, therefore, health educational activities for prompt antenatal reporting in sub-urban Ilorin, and Nigeria as a whole, may be a relevant intervention for pregnant women. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/335 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/335/326

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 6 4 2012 11 08 187 188 EN Subrat Panda Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Sgillong, Meghalaya, India. Vandana Jha Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Sgillong, Meghalaya, India. 2015 11 02 2015 11 02 Objective: we report a case of intraperitoneal urinary bladder rupture I week following normal delivery in a primigravida, who presented with huge urinary ascites, anuria and renal failure. Abdominal paracentesis and exploratory laparotomy was done and a diagnosis of intraperitoneal bladder rupture was made. The rent was repaired in layers. This may be preventable if adequate precaution in the form of evacuating the bladder before the patient goes into second stage of labor is undertaken. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/341 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/341/332

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 6 4 2012 11 08 159 163 EN Hedyeh Riazi Midwifery Department, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Saied Bashirian Public Health Department, Faculty of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Leila Amini Midwifery Department, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 11 02 2015 11 02 Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of folic acid supplementation amongst Iranian pregnant women. Materials and methods: We selected 322 women through simple randomized method in a cross section study. Data was gathered on the base of questionnaire and interview. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. The value of p<0.05 was considered as significant level. Results: The obtained information revealed that 7.8% with high level of knowledge, 43.8% with intermediate level, 30.4% with low level knowledge, and 18% with no knowledge. Hospitals and health centers are two major sources for promoting popular awareness about folic acid. There is a significant relationship between the knowledge, education, employment, time of prenatal care beginning, age, gravidity, and sources of health information. The number of women with high level of knowledge was more among those with lower parity, higher level of education, employment, young age and looking for health information. Conclusion: Awareness of folic acid is low among Iranian women. The different strategies are required to elevate the knowledge about folic acid among the women in reproductive age and provide them with some information about the benefits of this supplement. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/336 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/336/327

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 6 4 2012 11 08 165 168 EN Mahbobe Ghavidel-Heidari Department of Psychology, Teacher Training of Shahid Motahari, Zahedan, Iran. Yahya Kazemi Department of Education, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran. Zahra Nikmanesh Department of Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran. 2015 11 02 2015 11 02 Objective: To investigate on relationship among family environment, pornography and sexual behavior of adolescents. Pornography may start from early youth along with starting of sexual behavior. Therefore it is important that the role of family factors in pornography be studied. Materials and methods: The sample includes 362 students who were chosen by Proportional Cluster method from the first grade of High School (14 and 15 years old). The research instruments were Schaefer’s Family Environment Scales (FES), a researcher made Sexual Behaviors Scale (SBS), and Pornography Scale (PS). Results: The results indicate that there is a positive significant relationship between sexual Behaviors Scale (SBS) and pornography and there is a positive significant relationship between levels of coldness in family relationship and adolescents’ Freedom. Also the result of stepwise regression shows, in the first step, level of sexual behavior is the strongest variable that predicts .42 of variance of adolescent's pornography. In the second step, Coldness in family relationship determines .05 of variances of pornography of adolescents. Gender differentiates shows that boys' pornography is more than for girls. Conclusion: Therefore coldness in family relationship is related with pornography and sexual behavior of adolescents.  https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/337 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/337/328

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 6 4 2012 11 08 169 176 EN Nasreen Akther Department of Community Medicine Ibn Sina Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Nadia Begum Department of Community Medicine Z.H Sikder Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Shahanaz Chowdhury Department of Community Medicine, Bangladesh Institute of Health Science, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Sabiha Sultana Department of Community Medicine, Dhaka Community Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2015 11 02 2015 11 02 Objective: To assess the level of knowledge of the adolescent girls regarding reproductive health issues. Materials and methods: A cross sectional descriptive type of study was carried out among 150 unmarried adolescent girls of Vashantek slum in Dhaka city by face to face interview using a semistructured questionnaire from January to June 2008. Results: The mean age of the respondents were 16.4±2.9 years ranging from 10-19 years. Out of 150 respondents, 130 had history of menstruation and their median age of menarche was 13 years. The correct knowledge was high among the adolescent having secondary level of education than the SSC and above or primary level of education and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). About three-fourths of the respondents had sufficient knowledge about hygienic menstrual practice. Majority of the girls could mention the legal age of marriage. Regarding the demerits of early marriage, majority mentioned some of the demerits but not all. Three-fifths of the respondents had no knowledge on importance of family planning and regarding the methods of family planning, majority of them had no knowledge. Majority of the respondents heard the disease AIDS but regarding the knowledge on causative agent half of them had no knowledge. More than two-fifths had no knowledge on mode of transmission of AIDS. It was also found that majority of the  respondents had no knowledge on symptoms of AIDS and three-fifths had no knowledge on prevention of AIDS. Conclusion: So formal, informal and special educational program may be taken to educate the adolescent girls on reproductive health issues and government should be more concerned about this. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php Objective: Having a rapid and low cost diagnostic approach in assessment of fetal wellbeing is an important goal for prenatal care process. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of rapid biophysical profile (rBPP) in comparison to biophysical profile (BPP). Materials and methods: In this study 142 pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes referred to Besat Hospital (Sanandaj, Iran) were evaluated in terms of fetal health. Age, gestational age and non-stress test (NST) data of patients were collected. The fetuses were evaluated using the standard BPP and selected rBPP methods. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted. The data were analyzed in Stata 14 software, using appropriate statistical analyses. Results: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of maternal age and gestational age of the studied subjects were 30.6 ± 6.3 and 35.6 ± 1.5 weeks, respectively. The frequency of normal cases were 126 (88.7%) in the BPP method and 121 (85.2%) in the rBPP method. The results showed that sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of rBPP in this study were 56.2%, 90.5%, 42.8% and 94.2%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 73.3%. Pearson Test showed a significant correlation between scores obtained through BPP and rBPP methods (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Considering the high profile of the sensitivity and PPV of the RBPP method compared to BPP, rBPP method has a better capacity to discriminate non-distressed fetuses from distress-exposed fetuses. It can also be used as a quick and easy method in crowded centers with limited evaluation tests, where not much skill is needed. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1099 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/1099/502

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 13 4 2019 12 02 214 219 Fatemeh Nayeri Breastfeeding Research Center, Institute of Family Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nahid Farrokhzad Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Institute of Family Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tahereh Esmaeilnia Breastfeeding Research Center, Institute of Family Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nikoo Niknafs Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Institute of Family Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein Dalili Breastfeedin