Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 4 4 2010 12 15 149 154 Fardin Yousefshahi Department of anesthesiology and intensive care, Women's hospital & Tehran heart center, Tehran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Davari Tanha Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Women's hospital, Tehran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahbod Kaveh Department of neonatology, Women's hospital, Tehran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. Roghayeh Hamidian School of medicine, Tehran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. Khosro Barkhordari Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive care, Tehran heart center, Tehran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 04 Objective: To compare maternal complications and labor outcome in obese and non-obese women. Materials and methods: It is a retrospective comparative study conducted at the Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Unit 1, Civil Hospital, Karachi from December 2008 to December 2009. A sample size of 220 gravid women is selected by Non Probability Convenience sampling technique. In these 110 obese women as cases was compared with 110 non-obese women as controls, booked at <20 weeks of gestation. Data were collected regarding maternal complication, mode of delivery and neonatal outcome by trained medical officers. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS version 11.0 through descriptive analysis, chi-square test  and independent sample t test. The p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Pregnancy induced hypertension was present in 9 (8.2%) women in control group and 21 (19.1%) in cases (p=0.01). Gestational diabetes was seen in one (0.9%) in control compared to 8 (7.3%) in obese women (p=0.01). Obese women were found to be at increased risk of caesarean section [17 (15.5%)  Vs. 39 (35.4%), p=0.002]. Apgar score at 1 and 10 minute were lower in cases compared to controls (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Obese women are at increased risk of pregnancy induced obesity and associated with an increased risk of hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, thromboembolic disease and urinary tract infection. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/106 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/106/106

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 4 4 2010 12 15 155 160 Anjum Hashmi Community Health Officer, Department of Community Health, PRF Medical Center Karachi, Pakistan Jamil Soomro World Health Organization Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan Zafar Iqbal Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan Tahira Soomro Department of Gyn & Obs, Unit 1, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan Khalid Saleem PINS Complex Hospital, Nalore, Islamabad, Pakistan 2015 10 04 Objective: To compare maternal complications and labor outcome in obese and non-obese women. Materials and methods: It is a retrospective comparative study conducted at the Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Unit 1, Civil Hospital, Karachi from December 2008 to December 2009. A sample size of 220 gravid women is selected by Non Probability Convenience sampling technique. In these 110 obese women as cases was compared with 110 non-obese women as controls, booked at <20 weeks of gestation. Data were collected regarding maternal complication, mode of delivery and neonatal outcome by trained medical officers. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS version 11.0 through descriptive analysis, chi-square test and independent sample t test. The p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Pregnancy induced hypertension was present in 9 (8.2%) women in control group and 21 (19.1%) in cases (p=0.01). Gestational diabetes was seen in one (0.9%) in control compared to 8 (7.3%) in obese women (p=0.01). Obese women were found to be at increased risk of caesarean section [17 (15.5%)  Vs. 39 (35.4%), p=0.002]. Apgar score at 1 and 10 minute were lower in cases compared to controls (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Obese women are at increased risk of pregnancy induced obesity and associated with an increased risk of hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, thromboembolic disease and urinary tract infection. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/107 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/107/107

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 4 4 2010 12 15 161 164 Bita Eslami Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Arash Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ashraf Moeini Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Arash Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Reihaneh Hosseini Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Arash Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojtaba Sedaghat Department of community medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 04 Objective: The objective of our study was to compare uric acid, iron and TIBC levels in normal and preeclamptic pregnant women and determine their relations with maternal and fetal complications. Materials and methods: A case control study was conducted in 200 normal and preeclamptic pregnant women. At 32-40 weeks of pregnancy (third trimester) a blood test was taken in order to measure the uric acid, iron and TIBC and their relation with maternal and fetal complications. Results: Uric acid level showed significant difference (4.58 ± 0.73, 4.87 ± 0.58, p=0.002) between  two groups of pre-eclamptic and normal women.  The iron and TIBC level had no significant difference in either group. The uric acid level and iron had significant differences between two groups with and without maternal complication, respectively (4.69 ± 0.66, 5.05 ± 0.59, p<0.05) (387.42 ± 82,  405.24 ± 57, p<0.05). There was not any difference in three parameters between groups with and without fetal complication. The BMI was significantly higher in preeclamptic group and has positive relation with uric acid level. If we consider 29 as BMI cut-off point; it will be associated with 73% sensitivity and 67% specificity in preeclampsia determination. Using 4.55 as uric acid cut-off point, the sensitivity is 76% and specificity is 49%. Conclusion: Although the higher level of uric acid, higher BMI scale and positive roll-over test are associated with preeclampsia, but they are not very strong predictors as single test. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/108 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/108/108

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 4 4 2010 12 15 165 168 Shirin Niroomanesh Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mirza Koochackkhan Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoumeh Dadashaliha Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mirza Koochackkhan Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farahnaz Ahmadi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mirza Koochackkhan Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Rahimi Sherbaf Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mirza Koochackkhan Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Forough Forghani Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mirza Koochackkhan Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 04 Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of metformin on prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus in women with high risk of GDM. Materials and methods: Total number of 189 pregnant women aged between 25 to 35, and 10 to 14 weeks pregnancy,admitted to  Mirza Koochakkhan Hospital, Tehran in January 2008 - January 2009 entered to this randomized controlled clinical trial. The women had one of the three risk factors; history of GDM, family history of diabetes, or BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, with normal results in the glucose challenge test (GCT) or the glucose tolerance test (GTT). Subjects were randomly split to two groups; 63 women (group A) who received metformin (500 mg, twice a day) and 126 women (group B) did not use metformin. Incidence  of gestational diabetes was compared between two groups. Results: The incidence  of gestational diabetes was significantly different between two groups (%1.4 in group A, %15.4 in group B) (p<0.001). The study also showed that the insulin requirement was significantly different between two groups after developing GDM (group A %3.6, group B %9.5, p=0.001). Conclusion: Using Metformin can effectively reduce the incidence of GDM in pregnant women at risk. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/109 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/109/109

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 4 4 2010 12 15 169 174 Leila Manzouri Department of population and family planning, Provincial health center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran Pezhman Aghdak Department of population and family planning, Provincial health center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran Shahrbanoo Nematollahi Department of population and family planning, Provincial health center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran Ashraf Mansouri Department of population and family planning, Provincial health center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran Aghdas Aghababaeian Department of population and family planning, Provincial health center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran Sedigheh Dehghan Nasiri Department of population and family planning, Provincial health center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran 2015 10 04 Objective: Despite Intra Uterine Device (IUD) has the advantage of providing long-term contraception and does not require daily attention, only %8 of Iranian women use it. This study was conducted to enhance understanding of why women in the Isfahan appear reluctant to consider IUD as a contraceptive method. Materials and methods: It was a qualitative study that was done in Isfahan in May 2009. Five urban health centers of Isfahan city were selected randomly. In each center by purposive  opportunistically sampling, interview was done with referring women of reproductive age that had never used IUD without any contraindication by one interviewer. One to one semi-structured interviews were continued until a level of information saturationwas reached and no new themes were emerging. Each  woman's believe about IUD and her reasons for not using IUD as a contraceptive method was asked by interviewer. Also all participants were asked about the official (leaflets, health care  professionals, books and school) and unofficial (personal narratives recounted by friends and relatives) sources of their information. Eleven interviews were conducted in total. Key words in ideas of each woman were identified to develop major misconceptions about IUD use. Results: Fear of side effects of IUD, religious believes, anxieties related to fitting of an IUD, make difficulty in intercourse and damage to fetus were the major misconceptions about IUD use. Religious believes were the most impediment factor for IUD use. Conclusion: All of the items identified mirrored those found in other studies except the prominent worries about religious aspects of using IUD that are new and need wider exploration. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/110 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/110/110

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 4 4 2010 12 15 175 178 Saghar Samimi Sade Department of anesthesiology, Women's hospital, Tehran university medical sciences, Tehran, IRAN Fatemeh Davari Tanha Department of OBS & GYN, Women's hospital, Tehran university medical sciences, Tehran, IRAN Sara Sadeghi School of medicine, Tehran university medical sciences, Tehran, IRAN 2015 10 04 Objective: To evaluate, the efficacy of sub hypnotic doses of midazolam and propofol, in prophylactic control of postoperative nausea and vomiting, in parturients undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Materials and methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, 114 ASA physical status I-II parturient undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia (using 0.5% bupivacaine 12 mg) were allocated randomly to receive propofol (20 mg bolus and 1.0 mg/kg/hr infusion, n=38) or midazolam (1 mg bolus and 2.0 mg/hr infusion, n=38) or saline (2 cc IV, n=38) immediately after clamping of umbilical cord. The occurrence of nausea and/or vomiting and respiratory depression was recorded during operation until 12 hr after that. Results: The incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in midazolam and propofol groups compared with saline group in all 12 hr, (nausea: 19%, 15.8% versus 57.9%), vomiting (7.9%, 5% versus 34.2%). There was not manifestation of respiratory depression at the time of surgery and after it. Conclusion: Sub hypnotic dose of midazolam was as effective as the sub hypnotic dose of propofol for preventing of nausea and vomiting in parturients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. We undertook this study in regard to examine a simple, safe and non-expensive antiemetic method. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/111 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/111/111

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 4 4 2010 12 15 179 185 Kourosh Hasanzadeh Ghahramanloo Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Latiffah A. Latiff Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Parichehr Hanachi Faculty of Basic Science, Biology Department, Biochemistry unite, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran Nordin Hj Lajis Laboratory of National Product, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 2015 10 04 Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate inhibition and anti-cancer effects of Linoleic acid on the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Materials and methods: Cell lines Human breast cancer MCF-7 (GDy> 2015 10 04 Objective: The world population will likely increase by 2.5 billion over the next 43 years, passing from the current 6.7 billion to 9.2 billion in 2050. Only limited information about the contraceptive practices especially modern contraceptive use is available. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of contraceptive methods and factors associated with modern contraceptive in use Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study of 288 females selected through consecutive sampling was conducted in Jinnah Post graduate Medical Center family reproductive health care center Karachi, Pakistan from November 2008 to January 2009. Females of reproductive age 16-50 years using any contraceptive measures and giving informed consent were included. Those who with severe debilitating disease, having any physical and mental disability were excluded. Two trained co researchers interviewed the participants for socio demographic reasons. The main outcome variables of the study were comparing modern and traditional contraceptive methods and factors associated with modern contraceptive in use. Results: The results showed mean age of contraceptive users was 29.49 (±6.42) years. Modern contraceptive method was used by 216 (75%) and traditional method by 72 (25%). Final multiple logistic regression showed that a few factors have influence on usage rate including: age>30 years [AOR, 0.426 95% CI0.209-0.865], addiction [AOR, 0.381 95% CI0.173-0.839], and means of information like family planning worker (FPW) [AOR, 6.315 95% CI 3.057-13.046], Television (TV) [AOR, 0.402 95% CI 0.165-0.979] and billboard (BB) [AOR, 0.207 95% CI 0.066-0.447]. Conclusion: Modern contraceptive method use is very common in our region (75%). The important means of information for modern contraceptive in use were GPs and family planning workers. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/88 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/88/88

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 4 1 2010 03 15 47 52 Abubakar Attahir Department of Human Physiology , Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria A Dikko Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria M Sufiyan Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Aliyu Salihu Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria A Rabiu Department of Human Physiology , Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 2015 10 04 Objective: To examine association between maternal socio-cultural status, as indicated by maternal Income, education and polygamy with severity of pre–eclampsia. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in Primary Health Centers in Katsina, Adamawa and Borno States. A total of two groups of subjects were selected for the study, with 50 Subjects in each group. Group A - pregnant non hypertensive women; Group B women with pre-eclampsia. Blood pressure was measured in a sitting position wi