Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 12 4 2018 12 27 210 216 Batool Rashidi Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soheila Shams Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mamak Shariat Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Bagheri Department of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marziyeh Mohebi Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fedyeh Haghollahi Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 09 25 2019 03 10 Objective: To investigate the relationship between insulin resistance and hepcidin levels in patients with PCOS. Materials and methods: In this case–control study fifty- six patients with PCOS and forty – one healthy control subjects were included. Plasma levels of hepcidin, IL-6, Serum Insulin and ferritin using ELISA method, serum iron levels using a spectrophotometric method, and Insulin resistance by using HOMA  were measured in the two groups of PCOS (case group) and  healthy subjects (control group). The results were analyzed by student’s t-test, General Linear Model, Binary logistic and linear regression tests. Results: The mean hepcidin level was 1.97 ± 0.53 pg/ml and 2.40 ± 0.25pg/ml in the case and control groups, respectively. The t-test results showed a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.0001). The mean of insulin level in case and control group was 30.65 ± 15.02g/dl and 14.71 ± 10.46g/dl, respectively. The t-test analysis indicated a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.0001). There was an inverse relationship between the level of hepcidin with HOMA-IR (β = -0.629, p = 0.04), and IL-6 (β = -0.243, p = 0.015) in both groups. The adjusted OR proved a statistically significant association between serum hepcidin (OR = 0.063; 95 % CI: 0.01-0.385, p-value  =  0. 003) and HOMA (OR  =  1.569; 95 % CI: 1.254–1.964, p-value  =  0.001) with PolycysticOvarian Syndrome. Conclusion: There was an inverse relationship between hepcidin levels and insulin resistance in both groups meaning decrease in hepcidin levels and increase in insulin resistance may increase the risk of PCOS. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/971 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/971/471