Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 12 4 2018 12 27 197 203 Soraya Siabani Department of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. AND Department of Health Promotion, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Sina Siabani Department of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. AND Department of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Hossien Siabani Department of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Marjan Moeini Arya Department of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Fateme Rezaei Department of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Maryam Babakhani Department of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 2018 09 10 2019 01 29 Objective: To assess the compliance with iron and folate supplementation, and the possibly causally associated factors, among pregnant women in western Iran. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study of 433 pregnant women, selected randomly amongst those (n = 8,500) attending 40 primary health care centers (PHCCs) in west Iran in 2017. A validated questionnaire was used to gather data, including demographic characteristics, the compliance with iron/folate supplementation and reasons for non-compliance. Results: The participants’ mean age and the duration of their pregnancies when commencing supplementation were (27.86 ± 5.54y [µ ± SD]) and (23.29 ± 9.86w), respectively. The compliance was 71.6% / 28% for iron, and 81.5% / 40% for folate. The commonest causes of poor compliance were forgetfulness and side-effects. Educational status, age, and history of anemia were significantly positively associated with folate compliance. The compliance with iron was associated only with the level of education. Conclusion: Although the compliance with iron and folate was relatively high, most women had not started taking the supplements regularly or at the correct time, usually due to forgetting and/or experiencing adverse side-effects. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/967 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/967/469