Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 11 3 2017 11 06 174 178 EN Ruchi Rathore Department of Pathology, NDMC and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India Shivangi Chauhan Department of Pathology, NDMC and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India Suman Mendiratta Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NDMC and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India Ritu Sharma Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NDMC and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India Manupriya Nain Department of Pathology, NDMC and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India Namrata Sarin Department of Pathology, NDMC and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India 2017 05 30 2017 08 27 Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a rare form of chronic inflammatory response consisting of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells and neutrophils too. Due to its locally destructive nature and mass forming capacity as a result of adhesions, this type of inflammation may mimic  malignancy or tuberculosis both clinically and radiologically. We present a report of two such cases, one mimicking tuberculosis and the other mimicking malignancy clinically. Awareness of this condition and a higher index of suspicion among clinicians, radiologists and pathologists can help in early diagnosis and more appropriate treatment of this potentially destructive disorder. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/618 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/618/397