Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 10 4 2016 12 27 176 183 EN Fardin Yousefshahi Department of Anesthesiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Davari-Tanha Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Atabak Najafi Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahbod Kaveh Department of Pediatrics, NICU Department, Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Rezaei Hemami Department of Epidemiology, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Patricia Khashayar Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Anbarafshan Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 08 12 2017 02 07 Objective: To assess the association between intrapartum intrathecal opioid use and breastfeeding and weight gain following cesarean section. Materials and methods: The prospective double-blinded study was conducted on term pregnant women, undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. They divided into two groups. In the first group, intrathecal Morphine was used to achieve analgesia during or after the operation. The remainder divided into two subgroups, those who did not receive any opioid or those received systemic opioids. Following labor breastfeeding accessed in a follow-up, two month latter. Results: There was no difference between the demographic variables of the mothers and newborns APGAR score and weight at the time of birth. Breastfeeding rate was similar in intrathecal group in compare with other patents (P value = 0.518). While, the infants’ weight at the end of second month was lower in spinal opioid group (P value = 0.036). Conclusion: The present study was the first to suggest that spinal (intrathecal) opioids do not have any impact on breastfeeding. However the relationship between spinal anesthesia on weight gaining needs more investigation. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/483 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/483/368