Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 14 4 2020 12 14 273 275 Malihe Hasanzadeh Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Nooshin Babapour Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Azad Islamic University, Mashhad, Iran Marjaneh Farazestanian Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Farzaneh Hashem Niay Torshizi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2020 08 16 2020 10 21 Objective: Small cell neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma is a neuroendocrine tumor with the great aggravation that comprises 0.5 to 3 percent of cervical tumors and progresses rapidly with early lymphogenous and hematogenous metastases. Case report: We reported a 40 years old woman with cervical cancer in stage IB2 that had radical hysterectomy with mistaken diagnosis of squamous cervical cancer. The disease has progressed after 50 days of surgery with a 6 cm tumor in vaginal cuff; review of pathology demonstrated small cell neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma. Conclusion: Recognition of this separate histopathological entity with IHC analysis is important. Chemoradiotherapy and multimodality therapeutic approaches could improve the survival rates. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1513 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/1513/544