Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 1 2 2007 06 15 74 78 Maryam Afrakhteh Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nahid Khodakarami Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Afshin Moradi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ehsan Alavi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farshad Hosseini Shirazi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 04 Objective: This study aimed to review Papanicolaou (Pap) smears in patients of Shohada hospital in Tehran. Materials and methods:  A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out and a database search of all Pap smear reports from 1995 to 2005 at cytopathology department was reviewed. The abnormal Pap smear reports based on the Bethesda System were assessed. Results: A total of 13315 Pap smear reports were reviewed from patients aging 20 to 79 years old. Totally 6065 (45.55%) cases had diagnosis of ‘negative', 293(2.21%) smears were labeled as ‘inadequate', and 6799 (51.06%) reports had ‘Benign cellular changes'. There were 158(1.18%) abnormal Pap smears consisting of 84 (53.18%) SIL with undetermined grade (ASC-US), 28(17.73%) low grade SIL (LSIL), 17(10.75%) high grade SIL (HSIL), 27(17.08%) carcinoma and 2(1.26%) atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS). Overall incidence of the cervical cancer among these samples was 0.2%. Benign cellular changes numbered 6799(51.06%), of which 5365 (78.9%) smears demonstrated infectious processes. Conclusion: The number of abnormal pap smears in this study is less than western countries, but is comparable with Middle East and Islamic regions. More prospective studies are recommended. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/15 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/15/15