Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Family and Reproductive Health 1735-8949 14 4 2020 12 14 229 233 Nurhuda Sahar Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Adriana Miranda Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Afif Rasyad Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Karina Rahmaningrum Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Kusmardi Kusmardi Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Diyah Kristanty Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia 2020 07 23 2020 11 04 Objective: To measure the effect of serum estradiol (E2) levels on leptin expression in Macaca nemestrina (southern pig-tailed macaque) endometrial tissue. Materials and methods: This study used paraffin-embedded midluteal phase endometrial tissue blocks of Macaca nemestrina from previous study. Included subjects were 15 female macaques of reproductive age (8-10 years) with a previous history of producing offspring, which were divided into four groups: groups administered with 30 IU, 50 IU, and 70 IU r-FSH (intervention group), and no r-FSH (control group). The stimulation was done following GnRH agonist long protocol. Staining was done using immunohistochemistry. Leptin expression was measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC) Profiler plugin of ImageJ software and counted semi-quantitatively as Histological Score (Hscore). Results: Correlation between E2 concentration to stromal leptin expression was observed (p=0.043). Conclusion: Serum estradiol concentration is found to be correlated with leptin expression in Macaca nemestrina, suggesting a mechanism of decreasing endometrial receptivity among women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/view/1480 https://jfrh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jfrh/article/download/1480/538